The influenza viruses are major etiologic agents of human respiratory infections, and inflict a sizable health and economic burden. This study examines the antiinfluenza virus activity of hydroalcoholic extract of olive leaves (OLHE). Olive leaves were collected from gardens around the city of Shiraz, characterized, dried, ground to powder, and its hydroalcoholic extract was prepared. The ...

Human and swine influenza viruses were regularly neutralized by their homologous immune sera. However, the sera of animals convalescent from infection with either the swine or human influenza virus possessed little, if any, neutralizing capacity for the heterologous virus. Hyperimmunization of animals against swine influenza virus tended to increase the neutralizing capacity of their sera for h...

  In the February 2006 in two wetlands in northern Iran, the mortality among wild swans was observed. Paralysis was the most prominent feature of the disease. Histologically, diffused necrosis of acinar cells in pancreas, degeneration and necrosis of some neurons in central nervous system (CNS), sever necrotic and hemorrhagic enteritis, foci of haemorrahge and myocardial cell necrosis in the he...

Background & Aim: The recent study was conducted to investigate the effects of Thyme extract in drinking water on immune response of broiler chickens. Experimental:  A total of 245 day-old broiler chicks were purchased and 20 chicks were bled for determination maternal antibody and remaining chicks divided into 5 equal groups. Chickens of group A, B and C received 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2%...

Background & Aim: The recent study was conducted to investigate the effects of Thyme extract in drinking water on immune response of broiler chickens. Experimental:  A total of 245 day-old broiler chicks were purchased and 20 chicks were bled for determination maternal antibody and remaining chicks divided into 5 equal groups. Chickens of group A, B and C received 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2%...

Surveillance for influenza virus in pigs in the United Kingdom during spring 2010 detected a novel reassortant influenza virus. This virus had genes encoding internal proteins from pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from swine influenza virus (H1N2). Our results demonstrate processes contributing to influenza virus heterogeneity.

Background: A new pandemic influenza A (H1N1) emerged in April 2009, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Since mutations in the haemagglutinin (HA) may influence the antigenicity and pathogenicity of the virus, continued epidemiological and molecular characterization for the effective control of pandemic flu and developing of more appropriate vaccine is crucial. Objective: To monitor ...