background and aims: influenza a virus infects birds and some mammalian including human. h1 and h3 subtypes are circulated in both human and birds’ population. to determine the prevalence of the mentioned subtypes in birds, different captive bird species in tehran zoo, and affiliated centers in tehran were investigated for virus infection. methods: in this study, between november 2008 and febru...

Background and Aims: Influenza vaccine production process is time-consuming with little-to-no cross-protection which requires annual adjustment. The construction of a universal vaccine to deal with the pandemics and epidemics which occasionally threat human population is the aim of many researches worldwide. Today, influenza vaccines are mostly against two major antigenic proteins, hemagglutini...

background: guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) is an acute immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy usually after an incident. this study was performed to investigate the basic epidemiologic features of gbs in south of iran. methods: we studied consecutive patients with gbs in nemazi hospital of shiraz, southern iran. demographic characteristics of the subjects, i.e. age, sex, and length of hospital st...

Asia is considered an important source of influenza A virus (IAV) pandemics, owing to large, diverse viral reservoirs in poultry and swine. However, the zoonotic origins of the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic virus (pdmH1N1) remain unclear, due to conflicting evidence from swine and humans. There is strong evidence that the first human outbreak of pdmH1N1 occurred in Mexico in early 2009. Howeve...

BACKGROUND In 2013, a novel H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) was isolated from ill humans in Shanghai and Anhui Province, China. Since then, the virus has spread quickly throughout China. Previous isolation of H7N2 virus from swine suggests that additional H7 subtype AIVs may be transmitted through pigs. However, prior to the recent zoonosis of H7N9, there were very few studies on the seropreva...

Introduction: In recent years, influenza viruses have caused moderate to severe infections all around the world while so far there is no influenza vaccine that can protect people with only one dose of injection. In this regard, producing a universal vaccine based on virus-like-particles (VLP) could be an ideal approach.  Methods: In this study, the full-length ORF of influenza hemagglutini...

Avian influenza (AI) H9N2 is a low pathogenic virus subtype belonging to Orthomyxoviridae family. Given the prevalence of this subtype as an infectious agent in poultry industry, special attention has been always directed toward the development of vaccine production against this infection. The vaccine of this infection is produced by killing the virus and using a mixture of inactivated antigen ...