Income and wealth differ over the life cycle. In cross-sectional distributions of income or wealth, classical inequality measures such as the Gini, could therefore find substantial inequality even if everyone have the same life-time income or wealth. We describe the AG index (Almås and Mogstad, 2011) which is a generalization of the classical Gini index with attractive properties, and we provid...

health price inflation rate is different from increasing in health expenditures. health expenditures contain both quantity and prices but inflation rate contains prices. this study aimed to determine the factors that affect the inflation rate for health care services (ircpihc) in iran.we used central bank of iran data. we estimated the relationship between the inflation rate and its determinant...

The welfare costs of inflation and inflation uncertainty are well documented in the literature and empirical evidence on the link between the two is sparse in the case of Egypt. This paper investigates the causal relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty in Egypt using monthly time series data during the period January 1974–April 2015. To endogenously control for any potential st...

This paper surveys alternative ways of expressing the Gini mean difference and the Gini coefficient. It adds some new representations and new interpretations of Gini's mean difference and the Gini coefficient. All in all, there are over a dozen alternative ways of writing the Gini, which can be useful in developing applications to Gini-based statistics. Mailing Address: Department of Economics ...

In mass casualty events Emergency Medical Service Providers (EMS) choose treatment at Scene or a "scoop and run" approach. The latter requires clinically trained personnel at the reception site to triage patients. Current methodology based on Revised Trauma Score (tRTS) requires use of Glasgow Coma Scale, a method reliant on experience and clinical knowledge. This makes the system subjective an...

a basic subject in economy is change in growth of population and it’s link to ‎other variables. if growth in population is consistent with other economic ‎circumstances, it would lead to economic growth, otherwise it would be ‎problematic. by using okun's law and population structures, this paper is ‎analysis the case for iran for 1974-2010. predictions are related to 2025 ‎horizon. the re...

Inflation decreases the real interest rate and increases demands for the loan. In current study which is based on the time series data, the effects of inflation on Iranian banking system performance in terms of absorbing deposits and granting facilities have been studied during 1990 to 2009. The data used in the current study extracted from annual economic reports published by the Central Bank ...