Chronic liver diseases are characterized by a sustained inflammatory response in which chemokines and chemokine-receptors orchestrate inflammatory cell recruitment. In this study we investigated the role of the chemokine receptor CCR6 in acute and chronic liver injury. In the absence of liver injury Ccr6-/- mice presented a higher number of hepatic macrophages and increased expression of pro-in...

Growing evidences indicate that immune-mediated mechanisms contribute to the development of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Daphnetin (DAP) is a coumarin derivative extracted from Daphne odora var., which displays anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of DAP on cerebral I/R injury is not yet clear. Recent studies have demonstrated that TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway takes ...

BACKGROUND To review the inflammatory sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and altitude exposure and discuss the potential impact of aeromedical evacuation (AE) on this process. METHODS Literature review and expert opinion regarding the inflammatory effects of TBI and AE. RESULTS Traumatic brain injury has been called the signature injury of the current military conflict. As a result of...

background: sepsis related-multiple organ dysfunction is associated with ileum injury. we aimed to determine the causes of ileal injury in two models of microbial sepsis resulted from infection with aeromonas hydrophila or its endotoxin. we also evaluated the protective effect of phytic acid .   methods: thin sections of ileum from 60 swiss male mice in control, bacteria-infected or lipopolysac...

Anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of the broad spectrum phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor pentoxifylline have suggested an important role for cyclic nucleotides in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis; however, studies examining the role of specific PDEs are lacking. Endotoxemia and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory and profibrotic signaling play a major role in the dev...

• Resting microglia continuously survey the brain environment maintaining homeostasis in physiological conditions. Brain injury, therapeutic irradiation and galactic cosmic ray exposure trigger activation cognitive dysfunctions. Microglia depletion complete repopulation prevent impairments after different injuries to brain. are resident immune cells of central nervous system (CNS). In condition...

Inflammatory response following central nervous system (CNS) injury contributes to progressive neuropathology and reduction in functional recovery. Axons are sensitive to mechanical injury and toxic inflammatory mediators, which may lead to demyelination. Although it is well documented that degenerated myelin triggers undesirable inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sc...

Abstract Melosira nummuloides is a type of diatom in the family Melosiraceae. Diatoms are unicellular microalgae widely distributed aquatic environments. known to be suitable for many industrial and biomedical applications because their high biocompatibility ease use. In this study, we investigated hepatoprotective effect frustule silica (DFS) extracted from on hepatotoxicant-induced liver inju...

Traumatic hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a severe outcome of traumatic injury that accounts for numerous traumatic deaths. In the process of traumatic HS, both hemorrhage and trauma can trigger a complex cascade of posttraumatic events that are related to inflammatory and immune responses, which may lead to multiple organ injury or even death. From a mechanistic perspective, systemic inflammation an...