Human microbiota communicates with its host by secreting signaling metabolites, enzymes, or structural components. Its homeostasis strongly influences the modulation of human tissue barriers and immune system. Dysbiosis-induced peripheral immunity response can propagate bacterial pro-inflammatory signals to whole body, including brain. This immune-mediated communication may contribute several n...

The inflammatory responses of resident central nervous system (CNS) cells are now known to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of an array of infectious and sterile neuroinflammatory disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis (MS). Regulating glial inflammatory responses in a timely manner is therefore critical ...

Inflammatory damage in many neurodegenerative diseases is restricted to certain regions of the CNS, and while microglia have long been implicated in the pathology of many of these disorders, information comparing their gene expression in different CNS regions is lacking. Here we tested the hypothesis that the expression of purinergic receptors, estrogen receptors and other neuroprotective and p...

The pathogenic potential of autoimmune T cell responses to nonmyelin autoantigens was investigated in the Lewis rat using the astrocyte-derived calcium binding protein S100 beta, as a model nonmyelin autoantigen. The Lewis rat mounts a vigorous RT1B1 (major histocompatibility complex class II) restricted autoimmune response to an immunodominant S100 beta epitope (amino acid residues 76-91). The...

OBJECTIVES To identify and analyze the characteristics of the most influential articles about central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science database and the 2014 Journal Citation Reports Science Edition were used to retrieve the top 100 cited articles on CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseas...

inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is an irregular response of immune system accompanied with different inflammatory manifestations including alterations in cytokines. probiotics are non-pathogenic organisms with probable effects in various conditions such as inflammation. the present study hypothesized whether oral intake of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in form of probiotic yogurt may repre...

the aim of this study was to test the therapeutic efficacy of sodium alginate in a rat model of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (tnbs)-induced inflammatory bowel disease. this experiment was carried out using 77 sprague-dawley rats which were divided into six groups; normal, control, prophylactic, therapeutic and two experimental groups. rats were sacrificed 1, 2, 3 and 6 weeks after colitis indu...

background the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) varies among different societies. the aim of this study is to determine the incidence rate of ibd in kerman, a city in southeast iran. methods all medical records that indicated a new diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (uc) or crohn`s disease (cd) were retrieved from the gastrointestinal endoscopy and pathology departments of 12 centers ...

Purpose Primary vasculitis of the central nervous system is a newly recognized, devastating inflammatory disease restricted to the brain and spinal cord. Previously healthy children and adults develop life-threatening neurological deficits including stroke and seizures. Within CNS vasculitis distinct disease entities have been identified in different age groups. The aim was to describe the pres...