In Salmonella, the rod substructure of the flagellum is a periplasmic driveshaft that couples the torque generated by the basal body motor to the extracellular hook and filament. The rod subunits self-assemble, spanning the periplasmic space and stopping at the outer membrane when a mature length of ~22 nm is reached. Assembly of the extracellular hook and filament follow rod completion. Hook i...

Heat conduction modelling ........................................................................................................................... 1 Case studies ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Analytical solutions.........................................................................

Heat conduction modelling ........................................................................................................................... 1 Case studies ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Analytical solutions.........................................................................

Using extensive Brownian dynamics computer simulations, the long-time self-diffusion coefficient is calculated for Gaussian-core particles as a function of the number density. Both spherical and rod-like particles interacting via Gaussian segments are considered. For increasing concentration we find that the translational self-diffusion behaves non-monotonically reflecting the structural reentr...

This study investigates the time-course and post-receptoral pathway signaling of photoreceptor interactions when the rod (R) and three cone (L, M, S) photoreceptor classes contribute to mesopic vision. A four-primary photostimulator independently controls photoreceptor activity in human observers. The first experiment defines the temporal adaptation response of receptoral (L-, S-cone, rod) and ...

  Steel market and particularly rod bar market play important roles in economy of countries. Economic systems are considered as complex systems which are sophisticated to be modeled mathematically. One way to model these systems is simulation and use of system dynamics. This paper models rod bar supply chain in Iran using system dynamics. Data of this research is gathered from first hand materi...

The assessment of the influence of the work-hardening of material on the optimum die profile and drawing force  in rod drawing process is the main objective of the present paper. The upper bound solution, based on the assumption of perfect plasticity, has been extended to consider the work-hardening of the material during the rod drawing process through curved dies. Analytical results of drawin...

We measured the sensitivity, temporal frequency response, latency, and receptive field diameter of rod input to the H1 horizontal cell type in an in vitro preparation of the macaque retina. The H1 cell has both a cone-connected dendritic tree and a long axon-like process that terminates in a rod-connected arbor. We recorded from the H1 cell body where rod signals were distinguished by sensitivi...