Abstract Reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infills can be encountered all over the world, especially in earthquake prone regions. Although are usually not considered design process, case of seismic loading they subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane forces that act separately or simultaneously. In recent earthquakes it was observed loads severely damage even cause their complete coll...

Abstract Tests on infill masonry walls have been widely performed by many researchers and for a long time with the main purpose of characterising performance under earthquake-type excitations. However, most these works deal laboratory tests purpose-built specimens. More recently, vibration-based also adopted to investigate influence non-structural elements dynamic behaviour buildings, advantage...

Acquisition and processing of multifold groundpenetrating radar (GPR) data enable detailed measurements of lateral velocity variability. The velocities constrain interpretation of subsurface materials and lead to significant improvement in image accuracy when coupled with prestack depth migration (PSDM). Reflection tomography in the postmigration domain was introduced in the early 1990s for vel...

Late Quaternary separation of Britain from mainland Europe is considered to be a consequence of spillover of a large proglacial lake in the Southern North Sea basin. Lake spillover is inferred to have caused breaching of a rock ridge at the Dover Strait, although this hypothesis remains untested. Here we show that opening of the Strait involved at least two major episodes of erosion. Sub-bottom...

in this paper we introduce and study besselian $g$-frames. we show that the kernel of associated synthesis operator for a besselian $g$-frame is finite dimensional. we also introduce $alpha$-dual of a $g$-frame and we get some results when we use the hilbert-schmidt norm for the members of a $g$-frame in a finite dimensional hilbert space.

The seismic behavior of the infill masonry walls has a significant impact on global response reinforced concrete frame structures. One factor influencing its is existence openings in walls, such as doors and windows, which are crucial for performance. Although numerical simulation RC buildings with evolved significantly recent years terms micro- macro-modelling, most existing studies only relat...