Epidural venous plexus engorgement may occur due to several conditions that prevent the normal venous circulation. Inferior vena cava agenesis is a very rare cause of epidural venous enlargement. We present a case with a very thin inferior vena cava and left iliac vein agenesis who presented with back pain due to epidural vein engorgement and lacked other venous problems such as deep vein throm...

were leiomyosarcomas and only 1 was an endothelioma. Hoffbrand and Lloyd-Thomas (1964) reported 14 cases of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava and added a case of their own. We are not aware of any case reports in which the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava has been made before an operation. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of leiomyosarcoma, diagnosed in ...

The absence of the inferior vena cava is an uncommon congenital anomaly that has recently been identified as an important risk factor contributing to the development of deep venous thrombosis. Congenital agenesis of the right hepatic lobe is a rare anomaly which is found incidentally in radiologic examinations. We present a case of a congenital absence of the infrarenal inferior vena cava, comb...

A 19-year-old male patient presented cyanosis and dyspnoea because of the presence of multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas resulting in oxygen desaturation. The CTA revealed that intestinal and splenic venous blood bypasses the liver and drains into the inferior vena cava. This is the first reported case of hepatopulmonary syndrome caused by congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt in w...

The attachment of the inferior vena cava to the diaphragm is compared with that of the oesophagus and the aorta. The development of this attachment is described in human embryos and fetuses. In older fetuses the attached border of the diaphragm splits into several layers at its junction with the inferior vena cava. The insertion of the right crus of the diaphragm into the posterior wall of the ...

Recognition of azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava (AC-IVC) is necessary to prevent unnecessary surgery, to modify the approach to right heart catheterization and to avoid potentially fatal azygos ligation at the time of thoracic surgery. Absence of the inferior vena cava (IVC) shadow on the lateral chest film has been claimed to be an important feature of AC-IVC. Our findings, howeve...

Extended pancreatoduodenectomy with portal vein and inferior vena cava resection reconstruction combined sorafenib for hepatoid carcinoma of the pancreas: a strategy superextended surgery targeted therapy

A patient aged 25 years with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in the course of vena cava inferior agenesis is described. This very rare malformation can be connected with chronic venous insufficiency or thrombotic complications. In such cases other congenital abnormalities should be excluded and suspicion of vena cava inferior agenesis should always be taken into consideration in young pati...

Inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis and torsion are well-described rare complications following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We present a case of inferior vena cava intermittent torsion and stenosis complicated by compressive regional ascites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of post-OLT regional ascites related compressive IVC stenosis reported and the first repor...

A 74 year old woman had right to left shunting through an atrial septal defect despite normal right heart pressures. Acute volume expansion temporarily reduced the shunt. Contrast echocardiography and angiography demonstrated that this shunting occurred almost exclusively from the inferior vena cava. At surgery a redundant flap of septum secundum was found that was adjacent to the inferior vena...