inflammatory bowel disease, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, tumours, are exam­ples of chronic degenerative diseases that have a high prevalence in developed nations. these chronic-non-communicable dis­eases have multifactorial aetiologies that considered to be caused by the interaction of environmental risk factors with multi­ple predisposing genes. gen...

Context: Coronaviruses are the largest RNA viruses associated with some ocular manifestations. There various contradictory reports about manifestations of coronaviruses in humans. Different tissues can affect coronavirus-associated infectious diseases. Evidence Acquisition: All manuscripts were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant databases. searches done by specific keywor...

Non-infectious uveitis-or intraocular inflammatory disease-causes substantial visual morbidity and reduced quality of life amongst affected individuals. To date, research of pathogenic mechanisms has largely been focused on processes involving T lymphocyte and/or myeloid leukocyte populations. Involvement of B lymphocytes has received relatively little attention. In contrast, B-cell pathobiolog...

climate change is occurring as a result of warming of the earth’s atmosphere due to human activity generating excess amounts of greenhouse gases. because of its potential impact on the hydrologic cycle and severe weather events, climate change is expected to have an enormous effect on human health, including on the burden and distribution of many infectious diseases. the infectious diseases tha...

background & aim: the aim of the study was to define the epidemiological characteristics of most important infectious diseases in iran in recent decades. methods & materials: this was a situation trend analysis of infectious diseases (vector and water borne disease, and food borne diseases) in recent decades based on data availability. three significance levels were used for mann-kendall test (...