OBJECTIVES National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) - India was launched in 2005 to tackle urban-rural health inequalities, especially in maternal and child health. We examined national and state level trends in Infant Mortality Rates (IMR) from 2000 through 2009 to: 1) assess whether the NRHM had increased the average annual reduction rate (AARR) of IMR 2) evaluate state-wise progress towards Mill...

This study aims to test the associations between infant mortality from preventable causes in Brazil and socioeconomic factors, including those pertaining to health services and investments. This was an ecological study using 296 Brazilian counties (municipalities) with more than 80,000 inhabitants each as the analytical units. Kruskall-Wallis and ANOVA tests were performed to compare independen...

The study on socio economic factors affecting infant mortality was conducted in Morogoro District. In spite of measures taken by key stakeholders including the government, UNICEF, WHO, health initiatives in Tanzania infant deaths are increasing in rural populations. Socio economic factors are said to be main courses. A cross sectional study to observe the influence of socio economic factors aff...

The study analyzes the spatial clustering and risk factors of infant mortality across high-focus states of India, using the Annual Health Survey (2010–2011), Census of India (2011), and District Level Household and Facility Survey-3 (2007–2008). Research has found substantial spatial autocorrelation across the districts and identified the “hot spots” characterized by higher infant mortality rat...

Maternal education is one of the strongest determinants of infant survival in developing countries, however, questions remain regarding the extent to which its effects vary as a function of contextual variables. In this study, a multi-level interactive model is used to assess whether the protective effect of maternal education on the risk of infant diarrhea is modified by three aspects of the m...

PURPOSE This study was performed to determine didactic and clinical curricular content about infant oral health in predoctoral pediatric dentistry programs. METHODS 54 dental school departments of pediatric dentistry were surveyed about: 1) curricular content devoted to teaching infant oral health (IOH) and age of first dental visit; 2) methods used to teach IOH and hours dedicated to each me...

This paper begins with a discussion of social research which seeks to critique the emphasis on breastfeeding in infant feeding health promotion. The key themes of this research center on science, risk, and morality but other factors can also shape mothers’ decisions and practices regarding infant feeding, and particularly, breastfeeding. The paper explores a range of research studies which toge...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between proximity to a health center and early childhood mortality in Madagascar, and to assess the influence of household wealth, maternal educational attainment, and maternal health on the effects of distance. METHODS From birth records of subjects in the Demographic and Health Survey, we identified 12565 singleton births from January 2004 to August 200...

Background. Low-income mothers have greater challenges in accessing health care services due changes in the health care system and budget cuts. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to test a nurse practitioner (NP) intervention using cell phone and texting on maternal/infant outcomes. Methods. The sample included 129 mother-infant pairs. Intervention group mothers received NP 2-way...

breast feeding has a great impact on the infant morbidity and mortality. according to pakistan demographic and health survey (pdhs) infant mortality rate is 78 deaths per 1,000 live births. world health organization recommends that exclusive breast feeding for six months can decrease infant mortality rate by one-third. the objective of the study was to find out how the mode of delivery had impa...