interpretation. Another way to deal with the infinite number of states is to only consider a finite number of abstract states. Each possible state of the program is mapped to an abstract state. Each instruction, which was modeled as a transition between concrete states in model checking, now becomes a transition between abstract states. The mapping from concrete to abstract states is also calle...

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of ISO 14001 and other significant factors on solid waste generation rates of organizations. The research is based on a survey conducted on a random sample of industrial companies that operate in United States. The paper reveals that companies’ solid waste generation rates are significantly reduced by certification and identifies several factors ...

Sustainability requires a consideration of the social or community dimension as well as ecological integrity and economic efficiency. Further, ecological systems emphasize interaction and interdependence. Definitions of eco-industrial parks have begun to address this by referring to them as communities of business. The paper describes a number of initiatives, particularly in the United States a...

This study presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between industrial timberland ownership and financial performance of forest products companies in the United States. Based on the structure-conduct-performance model of the industrial organization theory, we develop and estimate a three-stage least squares model system that links timberland ownership with performance. Our results sho...

In this contribution, we present a novel methodology for flexible design of industrial systems based on detailed differential value analysis (Sadhukhan, J. Ph.D. Dissertation, UMIST, Manchester, U.K., 2002). Evolving from graph theory this methodology performs better than conventional mathematical programming based optimisation approaches through systematic structural decomposition of large sca...

The accreditation systems of the United States, Canada, and Australia have been restructured to reflect the adoption by health services of the industrial model of continuous quality improvement. The industrial model of quality makes assumptions about management structures and the relation of process to outcome which are not readily transferable to the assessment of quality in health care. The a...

Most industrial digital circuits contain three-state elements besides pure logic gates. This paper presents a gate delay fault simulator for combinational circuits that can handle three-state elements like bus drivers, transmission gates and pulled busses. The well known delay faults − "slow-to-rise" and "slow-to-fall" − are considered as well as delayed transitions from isolating signal state ...

Chattering and repeating alarms, which repeatedly make transitions between alarm and non-alarm states without operators’ response, are the most common form of nuisance alarms encountered in industrial plants. The paper formulates two novel rules to detect chattering alarms caused by random noise and repeating alarms by regular patterns such as oscillation, and proposes an online method to effec...

Introduction The resurgence of U.S. international competitiveness on the basis of its relative strength in the new leading sectors – computers and other information industries – has brought about a debate on adopting the U.S. model of business and industrial institutions among firms and governments in other countries. The United States is currently the most successful country in the world in ad...

This paper describes an international research effort that has been working toward identification of vulnerabilities in industrial control systems, mitigation strategies to address vulnerabilities, and development of tools to prevent intrusion on such systems. The research represents over five years of externally funded work within the United States and a strong partnership between the U.S. ins...