Crops are attacked by many potential pathogens with differing life-history traits, which raises the question of whether or not the outcome of infection by one pathogen may be modulated by a change in the host environment brought on by infection by another pathogen. We investigated the host-mediated interaction between the biotroph Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt), the powdery mildew pathog...

BACKGROUND Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases found in potato and tomato crops worldwide. In Colombia it also attacks other important crops: cape gooseberry and tree tomato. The knowledge of the pathogen population is determinant to effectively design control strategies. AIMS To determine the physiological and molecular characteristics of a ...

Most agronomic situations involve a sequence of herbicide, fungicide, and insecticide application. On the other hand, use of pesticidal combinations has become a standard practice in the production of many agricultural crops. One of the most important processes influencing the behavior of a pesticide in the environment is its degradation in soil. It is known that due to several pesticide applic...

was estimated to be around Rs. 22 billion (USD 0.5 billion), which is about 2% of the total world market. The pattern of pesticide usage in India is different from that for the world in general. As can be seen in Figure 1, in India 76% of the pesticide used is insecticide, as against 44% globally (Mathur, 1999). The use of herbicides and fungicides is correspondingly less heavy. The main use of...

A number of novel adsorbents are being investigated in search of an alternative to Commercial Activated Carbon (CAC). Several methodologies are being followed in the preparation of adsorbents from their raw materials. The raw materials used for the preparation of novel adsorbents are broadly classified under three main categories: (i) Agricultural Wastes (AW) (ii) Industrial Wastes (IW) and (ii...

In this study, a structure that can effectively prevent overtopping caused by abnormal rainfall was installed in deteriorative agricultural reservoir, and seepage characteristics were compared analyzed through model experiments numerical analysis. The experimental conditions observed installing stepped gabion, vertical parapet combination with gabion retaining wall, geomembrane, core on the dam...

The application presented in this paper is to augment uncalibrated images of factories with industrial drawings. Industrial drawings are among the most important documents used during the lifetime of industrial environments. They are the only common documents used during design, installation, monitoring and control, maintenance, update and finally dismantling of industrial units. Leading tradit...

Combining Spatiotemporal Corridor Design for Reindeer Migration with Harvest Scheduling in Northern Sweden Rachel St John1, Karin Öhman2, Sándor F. Tóth3, Per Sandström4, Anu Korosuo5, Ljusk Ola Eriksson6 1(Corresponding Author) Industrial & Systems Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, United States, [email protected] 2Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish Universit...

1 Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea * Corresponding author: Keum-Il Jang: E-mail...