Objective: Premna integrifolia Linn (Family: Verbenaceae) synonym of Premna serratifolia has tremendous medicinal value. Preliminary pharmacological studies were performed on the methanolic extract of Premna integrifolia (MEPI) bark to investigate neuropharmacological, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Materials and methods: Neuropharmacology study was done by open field and hole cro...

Background: The endocannabinoid system interacts with the vanilloid and opioid systems. The current study aims to investigate the effects of the extract obtained from the heated Cannabis Sativa female flower base either with capsaicin at the spinal cord level or naloxone at the systemic level on the intensity of chemical and thermal pain sensation. Methods: This experimental study was performe...

abstract background : pain is one of the main protests of inflammatory diseases, hence, understanding the mechanisms which involved in the induction and persistence of pain is essential. microglia is a contributing factor in the onset and maintenance of inflammation. increased microglial   activation increases the level of central pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of central sensit...

Protective effect of Curculigo orchioides in streptozotocin and nicotinamide-induced diabetic neuropathic pain Wistar ratsKrishan Singla, Randhir Singh

Glutamate neurotransmission plays an important role in the processing of pain and in chronic opioid-induced neural and behavioral plasticity, such as opioid withdrawal and opioid dependence. -Opioid receptors also have been implicated in acute opioid modulation of pain and chronic opioid-induced plasticity, both of which are primarily mediated by -opioid receptors. Using whole-cell patch clamp ...