BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme associated with the regulation of immune responses. Cytokines such as IFNγ induce its expression in endothelial cells originating from immune-privileged sites. In this study, we investigate regulators of IDO in primary endothelial cells from a non-immune-privileged site and determine whether IDO expression affects immune cell behavior. ...

Tumor necrosis factor as neuroinflammatory mediator in Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Molecular mechanisms and neuroinflammatory imaging The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in a mouse model of neuroinflammation induced depression Interferon Ƣ induces the upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and leads to depressive-like behavior and memory impairment in mice via the interferon ơ/Ƣ re...

It has been known for over 25 years that CD4 T cell responses are restricted to a finite number of peptide epitopes within pathogens or protein vaccines. These selected peptide epitopes are termed "immunodominant." Other peptides within the antigen that can bind to host MHC molecules and recruit CD4 T cells as single peptides are termed "cryptic" because they fail to induce responses when expre...

OBJECTIVES Pineal gland hormone, melatonin, is a current issue of interest for accumulating data concerning its diverse physiological functions. The disturbances in melatonin secretion are observed in different pathological conditions involving pineal regions, but it is not ascertained if those disturbances present any clinical implications. The aim of this work was to examine whether pineal gl...