Unities in the processes involved in solving arithmetic problems of varying operations have been suggested by studies that have used both factor-analytic and information-processing methods. We designed the present study to investigate the convergence of mental processes assessed by paper-and-pencil measures defining the Numerical Facility factor and component processes for cognitive arithmetic ...

It is often assumed that a relatively small set of articulatory features are universally used in language sound systems. This paper presents a study which tests this assumption. The data are x-ray microbeam pellet trajectories during the production of the vowels of American English by five speakers. Speakers were consistent with themselves from one production of a word to the next, but the arti...

1 Who knoWs a utility representation Repeatedly it is alleged that this or that theory concerns a decision maker maximizing some utility function. But, as I have been at pains to discuss, the representation is not a creature of the decision maker but of the scientist studying the decision maker’s behavior “The representation theorems go in only one direction: from behavioral and structural prop...

This ebook represents the scientific contribution of over 30 individuals working in laboratories in 5 countries (Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States), unified by the study of associative learning and individual differences. Individual differences have a central place in the study of psychology both historically and in the present day. It was frustrating then th...

In this paper we build on research reported in the areas of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia and learning styles in order to deal with critical issues influencing the design of adaptation based on the learning style information. In more detail we concentrate on: (i) the different learning style categorizations that have been or could be used for modelling learners’ learning style in the context ...

Blogs are personal online diaries, and a relatively recent form of computer-mediated communication. What kind of writing do they contain? This paper adopts a measure of linguistic contextuality/formality, due to Heylighen and Dewaele, and applies it to a corpus of weblogs. It first compares the corpus with sub-corpora from the British National Corpus, and weblogs are shown to be more formal tha...

As illustrated in the above quote by Yerkes it is commonplace to regard individual animals as possessing distinct personalities. Yerkes went on to say in that same article, “One may as readily identify a familiar ape among many by its personality as mirrored in behavior as by its physical appearance” (1939, p. 111). I am guessing that anyone with extensive contact with almost any species, certa...

According to Bayesian models, perception and cognition depend on the optimal combination of noisy incoming evidence with prior knowledge of the world. Individual differences in perception should therefore be jointly determined by a person's sensitivity to incoming evidence and his or her prior expectations. It has been proposed that individuals with autism have flatter prior distributions than ...

It has been initially established that different forms of information processing are linked to specific patterns of emotional and cognitive state (e.g., Hockey & Hamilton, 1983; Matthews, Derryberry & Siegle; 2000; Matthews, Davies, Westerman, & Stammers, 2000). Although it is likely that many of the basic mechanisms of information processing are common across individuals, the coordination of t...

Language comprehension is a complex task that involves constructing an incremental interpretation of a rapid sequence of incoming words before they fade from immediate memory, and yet the task is typically carried out effi ciently and with little conscious effort. Given the complexity associated with extracting intended meaning from an incoming linguistic signal, it is perhaps not surprising th...