in this thesis, phosphorus ylides [phbppy], [no2bppy] and [brbppy] have been synthesized through the formation of phosphonium salt and dihydrogenation, followed by the reaction of pd(oac)2 and the orthopalladated dinuclear complexes [pd(?-cl)(phbppy)]2, [pd(?-cl)(no2bppy)]2 and [pd(?-cl)(brbppy)]2 have been produced. the reaction of dinuclear complexes and bidentate ligands [l = bipy (2,2-bipyr...

One technique that has been recently used to assess the value of environmental attributes is choice experiment method (CEM). CEM permits value estimates for different goods (services) sharing a common set of attributes to be pieced together using the results of a single multinomial (conditional) logic model. The CEM approach to environmental value assessment is illustrated in the context of hou...

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify platform-based services and their priorities in order to apply them in Iran’s public libraries. Method: This research is an applied study in terms of purpose, including a mixed approach in terms of the research framework. First, the platform-based services were identified through using the meta-synthesis method. Then, after searching ...

In the world of training, online training is introduced as a modern model of training services. Cloud computing is a modern technology which is provided software, infrastructure and platform as internet. Also, online training is introduced as a modern model of training services on the web. In this research, the impact of cloud computing on e-learning on the case of Mehralborz online university ...

The creation of urban space so that all segments of society can benefit from its facilities, provides opportunities for community participation and social activity and prevents their social isolation. In this study, we investigate the status of people with special needs access of urban space and its impact on volunteer activity in Mashhad. The approach of the present study is qualitative-quant...

insurers have in the past few decades faced longevity risks - the risk that annuitants survive more than expected - and therefore need a new approach to manage this new risk. in this dissertation we survey methods that hedge longevity risks. these methods use securitization to manage risk, so using modern financial and insurance pricing models, especially wang transform and actuarial concepts, ...

after the soviet union dissolution, a chaotic period was begun in the russia. russia lost its glory and felt disgrace. the first group of elites came to power under yeltsin; they tried to re-define russia’s identity as a european country and build a foreign policy on this baseline. therefore russia tried to become closer with the west especially with the u.s. according to their view the sovie...

drought is transient phenomenon , slow , repetitive and integral part of the climate of each region. drought begins with a substantial reduction in precipitation over the long-term average rainfall and over time, reduced soil moisture and surface and ground water resources will continue to decrease. this phenomenon is the most important in bakhtegan basin because of its importance in strategic ...

abstract the present study investigated the effects of task types and involvement load hypothesis on incidental learning of 10 target words (tws) in junior high schools (jhss) in givi, ardabil. the tasks deployed in this study were two input-based tasks (reading plus dictionary use with an involvement index of 3, and reading plus gap-fill task with an involvement index of 2), and one output-ba...