For a spanning tree T in a nontrivial connected graph G and for vertices u and v inG, there exists a unique u−v path u = u0, u1, u2, . . ., uk = v in T . A u− v T -path in G is a u− v path u = v0, v1, . . . , vl = v in G that is a subsequence of the sequence u = u0, u1, u2, . . . , uk = v. A u− v T -path of minimum length is a u− v T -geodesic in G. The T distance dG|T (u, v) from u to v in G i...

Macrophyte species and trait assemblages from 104 minimally disturbed boreal forest lakes, covering broad environmental geographic gradients were analysed to identify associations with variables at different spatial scales: context (GEO) catchment (CATCH) lake (LOCAL) characteristics.Constrained ordination variation partitioning used quantify in (canonical correspondence analysis [CCA] pCCA) (r...

Semantic Web resources such as DBpedia provide a rich source of structured knowledge about geographical features such as towns, rivers and historical buildings. Retrieval from these resources of all content that is relevant to a particular spatial query of, for example, containment or proximity is not always straightforward because there is considerable inconsistency in the way in which geograp...

An extension to the classical notion of core is the notion of k-additive core, that is, the set of k-additive games which dominate a given game, where a k-additive game has its Möbius transform (or Harsanyi dividends) vanishing for subsets of more than k elements. Therefore, the 1-additive core coincides with the classical core. The advantages of the k-additive core is that it is never empty on...

The structures of three xGeO(2)-(1- x)P(2)O(5) glasses, where x = 0.98,0.88, and 0.81, have been studied by neutron and x-ray diffraction experiments that yield well resolved P-O and Ge-O bond distances. The Ge-O coordination number (N(GeO)) increased from 4.0 ± 0.2 to 4.5 ± 0.2 with the decrease in x from 0.98 to 0.81. The increase in N(GeO) is consistent with a structural model that assumes t...

3D geo-database research is a promising field to support challenging applications such as 3D urban planning, environmental monitoring, infrastructure management, and early warning or disaster management and response. In these fields, interdisciplinary research in GIScience and related fields is needed to support the modelling, analysis, management, and integration of large geo-referenced data s...

Soil sealing belongs to the most destructive and damaging processes to the soil environment. Soil sealing interrupts or greatly restricts the exchange of matter and energy between the biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere and the soil environment. The aim of this study was to compare the content of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) of Ekranic Technosols by applying indicators such ...

BACKGROUND Nutritional research in sub-Saharan Africa has primarily focused on under-nutrition. However, there is evidence of an ongoing nutritional transition in these settings. This study aimed to examine the geographic variation of overweight and obesity prevalence at the state-level among women in Nigeria, while accounting for individual-level risk factors. METHODS The analysis was based ...