Traditional measurements of fixation disparity, like other binocidar measurements, confound influences from both blur-driven and disparity-driven components. Measuring fixation disparity with accommodation open-loop eliminates accommodative interactions, and results show fixation disparity is reduced to about half the value observed normally for high levels of forced vergence. Thus fixation dis...

Motivated by the need to meaningfully implement the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) definition of health care disparity, this paper proposes statistical frameworks that lay out explicitly the needed causal assumptions for defining disparity measures. Our key emphasis is that a scientifically defensible disparity measure must take into account the direction of the causal relationship between all...

Judgments of visual depth rely crucially on the relative binocular disparity between two visual features. While areas of ventral visual cortex contain neurons that signal the relative disparity between spatially adjacent visual features, the same tests in dorsal visual areas yield little evidence for relative disparity selectivity. We investigated the sensitivity of neurons in dorsal visual are...

Algorithms that predict the degree of visual discomfort experienced when viewing stereoscopic 3D (S3D) images usually first execute some form of disparity calculation. Following that, features are extracted on these disparity maps to build discomfort prediction models. These features may include, for example, the maximum disparity, disparity range, disparity energy, and other measures of the di...

Contemporary studies of visual perception often view the observer's problem as one of estimation. In other words, the observer seeks to estimate various aspects of the scene, such as the size and shape of the objects in that scene. The information available to inform this estimation is viewed as consisting of one or more visual cues. Each cue may be used on its own to estimate some aspects of s...

Traditional measurements of fixation disparity, like other binocular measurements, confound influences from both blur-driven and disparity-driven components. Measuring fixation disparity with accommodation open-loop eliminates accommodative interactions, and results show fixation disparity is reduced to about half the value observed normally for high levels of forced vergence. Thus fixation dis...

The inferior temporal cortex (IT) of the monkey, a final stage in the ventral visual pathway, has been known to process information on two-dimensional (2-D) shape, color, and texture. On the other hand, the dorsal visual pathway leading to the posterior parietal cortex has been known to process information on location in space. Likewise, neurons selective for binocular disparity, which convey i...