Public finance experts have long explored the issue of income taxes making the cost of market transactions higher than nonmarket ones. A 50 percent income tax, for example, requires $20,000 in income to purchase $10,000 of market goods. The tax can be avoided, however, if the same goods can be produced at home. The upshot is that income taxes encourage the home production of goods and services ...

One of the major success stories of modern obstetrics in high-income countries in the last 5 decades is the reduction of stillbirths from rates as high as 50 per 1000 births to about 5 per 1000 births today. Fetal mortality associated with obstructed labour, asphyxia, hypertension, diabetes, Rh disease, placental abruption, post-term pregnancies and infections such as syphilis all have declined...

extended abstract introduction economic development is a favorable aim for all nations and meeting this aim requires a good understanding of variables taking part in this process. the role of entrepreneurship in economic development has been mentioned by many authors as an important one. although creating jobs is a function of entrepreneurial process, but it is not the only one. entrepreneursh...

BACKGROUND Economic inequality has been hypothesized to be a health determinant, independent of poverty and household income. The goal of this study was to explore the contextual influences of income inequality on alcohol use and frequency of drunkenness in adolescents. METHODS The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study surveyed 162 305 adolescents (ages 11, 13 and 15 years) in 34 cou...

OBJECTIVE To identify, survey, and systematically review the current knowledge regarding obstetric fistula as a public health problem in low-income countries from the peer-reviewed literature. METHODS The Medline and Science Citation Index databases were searched to identify public health articles on obstetric fistula in low-income countries. Quantitative evidence-based papers were reviewed. ...

The paper analyzes the effects of a source-based capital income tax on production and market structures, trade and capital flows as well as national and global welfare. The analysis is carried by means of a general equilibrium model of trade which incorporates international capital flows as well as the existence of multinational enterprises. The focus of the paper is on identifying the influenc...

This paper is about recent developments in the distribution of income in industrialized, and particularly, the G-7 countries. Limiting the geographical focus in this way ignores the important changes taking place in transition economies and in the developing world, but I have chosen to focus on the countries I know best, which is why a small, offshore European island receives disproportionate a...