An important but strongly NP-hard problem in automated cartography is how to best place textual labels for point features on a static map. We examine the complexity of various generalizations of this problem for dynamic and/or interactive maps. Specifically, we show that it is strongly PSPACE-complete to decide whether there is a smooth dynamic labeling (function from time to static labelings) ...

Nanoindentation became a versatile tool for testing local mechanical properties beyond hardness and modulus. By adapting standard nanoindentation test methods, simple protocols capable of probing thermally activated deformation processes can be accomplished. Abrupt strain-rate changes within one indentation allow determining the strain-rate dependency of hardness at various indentation depths. ...

A set of density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on 2-carboxamide-1,4- di-N-oxide quinoxaline (2CdNOQ) derivatives. The optimized structure of these compounds in three forms was obtained. Some electronic parameters including dipole moment (μ),ionization potential (I), electron af finity (A), LUMO energy (εLUMO), HOMO energy (εHOMO),electronegativity (χ), hardness (η), ele...

Puroindoline (Pina and Pinb) genes control grain texture or hardness in wheat. Wild-type/soft alleles lead to softer grain while a mutation in one or both of these genes results in a hard grain. Variation in hardness in genotypes with identical Pin alleles (wild-type or mutant) is known but the molecular basis of this is not known. We now report the identification of wheat genotypes with hard g...

there are 3700 wells in tehran city, of which 850 are deep wells. to determine tehran ground water quality, as a pretest we selected 102 wells by simple random sampling; water analyses were made according to the latest edition (1985) of the standard methods. comparisons of the obtained results with who standards show that only 0.98% of the samples go beyond the maximum desirable concentration o...

BACKGROUND Conflicting results on the relationship between the hardness of drinking water and mortality related to ischemic heart disease (IHD) or stroke have been reported. OBJECTIVES We investigated the possible association between tap water calcium or magnesium concentration and total hardness and IHD mortality or stroke mortality. METHODS In 1986, a cohort of 120,852 men and women aged ...

A study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between selected physico-chemical parameters of water and their effects on growth of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in raceway system in the area of Sarab Gerdu, Iran. The samples were collected from twenty raceways (270- day old fish, surface area 55m2 flow rate 150 ls-1 total production 15 T). Physico-chemical parameters were the fluctuat...

This study analyzed the reaction layer and measured the marginal crown fit of cast titanium applied to different phosphate-bonded investments, prepared under the following conditions (liquid concentration/casting temperature): Rema Exakt (RE) - 100%/237 degrees C, 75%/287 degrees C, Castorit Super C (CS)-100%/70 degrees C, 75%/141 degrees C and Rematitan Plus (RP)- 100%/430 degrees C (special t...

The aim of the present study was to measure various mechanical properties of acrylic denture base resins, including flexural modulus, flexural strength, fracture toughness, Barcol and Vickers hardness and their related properties, and to investigate correlations between different mechanical properties. Resin specimens were prepared according to manufacturers' recommended instructions. The mecha...