BACKGROUND AND METHODS To guide achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, we used the Lives Saved Tool to provide a novel simulation of potential maternal, fetal, and newborn lives and costs saved by scaling up midwifery and obstetrics services, including family planning, in 58 low- and middle-income countries. Typical midwifery and obstetrics interventions were scaled to either 60% of t...

a bstrac t   background: organizational and structural obstacles are a group of major obstacles in achievement of appropriate family planning counseling. detection of these obstacles from the viewpoint of managers, staffs and clients who are key members in health services providing system is a major step toward appropriate planning to modify or delete this group of obstacles. the present study ...

Asset protection planning is a highly technical area of legal planning. Because of the fraudulent transfer laws, asset protection planning must be done in advance of any claim, be technically sound, not rely upon secrecy, and avoid any number of critical mistakes including keeping personal and business assets separate. Physicians who engage in asset protection planning must avoid critical mista...

This work presents a time–space network flow model for scheduling recurring bulk rail deliveries from suppliers to customers. The objective is to maximize demand satisfied while minimizing waiting times for loading and unloading the bulk commodity. The model uses a variety of information including customer demand, rail network characteristics, loading and unloading hours, and track and station ...

In an environment with multiple autonomous agents, the performance of an action may have effects on the beliefs and goals of the witnessing agents in addition to the direct effects. The awareness of such mental effects is critical for the success of a plan in multi-agent environments. This paper provides a formulation of social plans, and show that social planning can be done by including model...

imum Initial Service Package (MISP) of interventions to be implemented at the onset of a humanitarian emergency; safe mothe rhood; sexual and gender-based violence; sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV and AIDS; family planning; other re p roductive health concerns, such as postabortion care and female genital mutilation; and adolescents. This article examines programs that have ...

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), technologies are presented as solutions to manufacturing organizations, which need to perform well in all customer-related dimensions simultaneously. In the literature, CIM technologies providing such benefits as more frequent production changes, reduced inventory level, improved ability of producing complex parts with a high degree of accuracy and repea...