this study aims at analyzing spatial pattern and associations of fagus oriantalis lipsky in different vertical classes in intact beech forests. data collection was done in 25 ha plot in gorazbon district of educational and experimental forests of university of tehran. species and dbh of all trees with dbh > 7.5 cm were recorded. the location of each tree was determined using azimuth and distanc...

background: research about teaching methods and students' education is an important subject which can improve the quality of education. this study was performed to compare three educational methods: teaching through lecture, presentation by small group of students, student's search and study of topics before the class. methods: this quasi-experimental study was conducted on 42 student...