The activities developed in this paper were aimed at providing an awareness of the elements that should be considered in quality learning objects instructional design for elearning systems. We thus propose our own LO definition taking into account aggregation level number 2. On this basis, we analyze cognitive theories for promoting learning and we explain issues relating to the LO characterist...

Research on the role of local institutions in confl ict management is still limited. This study highlights various inter-settlement confl icts over the issue of unclear resource boundaries in Danau Sentarum National Park, Indonesia. The park is home to two major ethnic groups (Dayak Iban and Malay) whose livelihoods are highly dependent on fi sh and forest resources available in the park area. ...

Freedom of movement is undoubtedly a fundamental international right. However, circumstances may arise where that right must be curtailed. Was the 2003 SARS outbreak in Toronto one such circumstance? Guénaël R.M. Rodier thinks WHO's decision to impose a SARS-related travel advisory was justifiable, even reasonable, though it caused a loss of over $1.1 billion in the Greater Toronto Area. That t...

One notable issue to deal with when capturing the individualism of travel behaviors is the gender difference. An extensive body of research has widely acknowledged that women and men exhibit quite different travel and activity patterns. For example, findings have suggested that women tend to invest more time to family-sustaining activities and that women make more family-sustaining trips yet fe...

The value of travel time savings (VTTS) is the monetary value attached to save a determined amount of travel time. VTTS is also the most important benefit category aimed at justifying investments in transport infrastructures by public administrations. Hence VTTS played a significant role in various economic studies, both analytical and empirical (Zamparini & Reggiani, 2007). "It is difficult to...

Drawing on recently published data, this paper examines some of the trends in travel e-commerce. Using a case study approach, the author examines in detail some of the e-business models impacting on the travel industry both in the Business-to-Business (B2B) and Businessto-Consumer (B2C) markets. Although B2C leisure transactions currently account for just 1 per cent of the value of global trave...

introduction: today the market of medical tourism is growing as one of the competitive and profitable industries in the world. the aim of this study was to determine medical tourist attraction in tehran hospitals. methods: this is a descriptive study which was carried out in 8 hospitals of tehran in 2012. 195 people from the managing boards of these hospitals participated in the study. a questi...

This paper presents calibration of the Vehicle Routing and scheduling Problems with Time Windows-Probabilistic (VRPTW-P) model which takes into account the uncertainty of travel times. Probe vehicle data of travel times were obtained from usual operation of pickup-delivery trucks in South Osaka area. The optimal solution of the VRPTW-P model resulted in reducing total cost, running times and CO...

We present a general epidemic model to describe the spread of an infectious disease in several regions connected by transportation. We take into account that infected individuals not only carry the disease to a new place while traveling from one region to another, but transmit the disease during travel as well. We obtain that a model structured by travel time is equivalent to a large system of ...