In this increasingly globalized era, foreign direct investments are considered to be one of the most important sources external financing for all countries. This paper investigates causal relationship between trade openness and investment (FDI) inflows in Romania during period 1997–2019. Throughout study, Trade Openness is main independent variable, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real Effective ...

T he main aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of population total, gross domestic product per capita, urbanization rate and energy use on carbon emissions in Nigeria for a period of 1981-2015 using autoregressive distributed lag approach to co-integration (ARDL). The empirical results revealed evidence of a long run relationship among the variables. The generalized ridge ...

This research is the earliest attempt to understand impact of inflation and interest rate on output growth in context Pakistan using wavelet transformation approach. For this study, we used monthly data inflation, rate, industrial production from January 1991 May 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected economies around world, especially view measures taken by governmental authorities regarding...

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the demand for oil exports and determine short-term long-term impact of patchouli price variables, per capita income export destinations, real exchange rate on Indonesia's demand. Theoretical framework: is supported by literature Method/design/approach: employed panel ARDL regression (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) data from 2006 - 2021 Results conclusion: A...

This paper investigates how changes in the corporate income tax affect unemployment Bangladesh. The impact of taxation on has been analyzed this by applying an Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) bound testing approach covering a period from 1991 to 2021. results show that rate no significant effect levels both short run and long run. In contrast, economic growth country, together with ...

This study employs a panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the relationships between employment, institutional quality, trade openness, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The analysis focuses on period from 2002 2021, encompassing top ten CO2-emitting countries: United States, China, India, Japan, Russia, Iran, Germany, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Indonesia. Study ...