The effectiveness in transdermal delivery of skin permeation strategies (e.g., chemical enhancers, vesicular carrier systems, sonophoresis, iontophoresis, and electroporation) is poorly investigated outside of laboratory. In therapeutic application, the lack of recognized techniques for measuring the actually-released drug affects the scientific concept itself of dosage for topically- and trans...

Humans are able to learn tool-handling tasks, such as carving, demonstrating their competency to make movements in unstable environments with varied directions. When faced with a single direction of instability, humans learn to selectively co-contract their arm muscles tuning the mechanical stiffness of the limb end point to stabilize movements. This study examines, for the first time, subjects...

In order to detect distributed ground surface deformation, an elastic helical structure Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) sensing cable is shown in this paper. This special sensing cable consists of three parts: a silicone rubber rope in the center; a couple of parallel wires coiling around the rope; a silicone rubber pipe covering the sensing cable. By analyzing the relationship between the impe...

We introduce two novel variants of the serpentine waveguide (SWG) slow wave structure (SWS), often utilized in millimeter-wave traveling-wave tubes (TWTs), with enhanced interaction impedance. Using dispersion engineering conjunction transfer matrix methods, we tune guided wavenumber relation to exhibit stationary inflection points (SIPs), and also nonstationary, or “tilted” (TIPs), within domi...

Over the past decades, robotic technologies have advanced remarkably and have been proven to be successful, especially in the field of manufacturing. In manufacturing, conventional position-controlled robots perform simple repeated tasks in static environments. In recent years, there are increasing needs for robot systems in many areas that involve physical contacts with human-populated environ...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether an impedance threshold device, designed to enhance circulation, would increase acute resuscitation rates for patients in cardiac arrest receiving conventional manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, double-blind, intention-to-treat. SETTING Out-of-hospital trial conducted in the Milwaukee, WI, emergency medical services system. ...

This paper outlines the results of finite element analyses to study the radiation pattern of an implanted medical device. Also presented are simulation results used to design an electrically small antenna for a portable control unit that communicates with the implants over a 416 MHz to 453 MHz data link. Alfred Mann Foundation's Functional Electrical Battery Powered Micro-Stimulator system (FEB...