Positive movement to some ionic solutes and biological compounds was exhibited by male soybean cyst nematodes, Heterodera glycines. Males were highly attracted to different concentrations of glycerol, moderately attracted to KOH, and repelled by HC1. Males were highly attracted to some amino acids, adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate, and adenosine 5'-monophosphate. The amino acids that were m...

In order to test whether prostaglandins (PGs) function as sex pheromones in Hynobius leechii, a salamander that externally fertilizes its eggs, we conducted electro-olfactogram (EOG) studies with 19 PGs, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses of female and male holding waters, and behavioral tests on selected PGs. Of the 19 PGs tested, only three induced strong EOG r...

Abstract Pheromones have become an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional insecticides for pest control. Most current pheromone-based control products target lepidopteran pests of high-value crops, as today’s manufacturing processes cannot yet produce pheromones at low enough costs enable their use lower-value especially commodity crops. Camelina sativa seeds genetically modified ...

Sex pheromones are chemical signals used for mate attraction and discrimination in many invertebrate species. These compounds are often complex mixtures with different components having different effects. We tested live Drosophila melanogaster mutant female flies genetically depleted for unsaturated cuticular hydrocarbons, which were then perfumed with these substances to measure their influenc...

Mate finding in most moth species involves long-distance signaling via female-emitted sex pheromones. There is a great diversity of pheromone structures used throughout the Lepidoptera, even among closely related species. The conundrum is how signal divergence has occurred. With strong normalizing selection pressure on blend composition and response preferences, it is improbable that shifts to ...

Nocturnal moths often use sex pheromones to find mates and ultrasonic hearing to evade echolocating bat predators. Male moths, when confronted with both pheromones and sound, thus have to trade off reproduction and predator avoidance depending on the relative strengths of the perceived conflicting stimuli. The ultrasonic hearing of Plodia interpunctella was investigated. A threshold curve for e...

The signals essential to Drosophila melanogaster courtship include pheromones emitted by the female which stimulate the male to court and pheromones emitted by the courting male which stimulate the female to accept. Genetic variation among these phermones is a common (if not universal) requirement for stimulation of either sex. The signal from the courting male to the female involves both a vol...

Inbreeding depression results from mating among genetically related individuals and impairs reproductive success. The decrease in male mating success is usually attributed to an impact on multiple fitness-related traits that reduce the general condition of inbred males. Here, we find that the production of the male sex pheromone is reduced significantly by inbreeding in the butterfly Bicyclus a...