Pre-eclampsia is the main cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and death associated with hypertension during complicating pregnancy. During physiological pregnancy, the immunological system undergoes secondary modifications, with an "exchange" between mother and fetus. Cytokines play an important role in the complex condition of partial fetal "rejection". It has suggested that the condition de...

OBJECTIVE To describe and discuss evidence-based articles on the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome. SOURCES OF DATA A review of the most relevant papers on the phenomenology, neuroanatomy, neuroimaging, genetic and immunological aspects of these two disorders was performed. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Ritualistic behaviors and repetitive thoughts have been exte...

Schizophrenia is a widely known mental disorder that can cause severe life struggles if not being treated properly. According to its diagnose, patients suffer from delusions, hallucinations, and other disorders. For treatment, antipsychotics are commonly used, but their efficiency cannot be promised due the lack of knowledge about this illness. In previous studies, scientists had suggested neur...

Xenotransplantation, in particular the transplantation of pig cells, tissues and organs into human recipients, may alleviate the current shortage of suitable allografts available for human transplantation. This overview addresses the physiological, immunological and microbial factors involved in xenotransplantation. The issues reviewed include the merits of using pigs as xenograft source specie...