We examined the cellular and subcellular distribution of the cloned kappa opioid receptor (KOR1) and its trafficking to the presynaptic plasma membrane in vasopressin magnocellular neurosecretory neurons. We used immunohistochemistry to show that KOR1 immunoreactivity (IR) colocalized with vasopressin-containing cell bodies, axons, and axon terminals within the posterior pituitary. Ultrastructu...

BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that adrenomedullin, a newly discovered peptide, affects the release of insulin from pancreatic islets cells, suggesting a role in the insulin-regulating system. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether adrenomedullin secretion is modified in patients with insulin-secreting islet cell tumours. DESIGN The study was performed in nine patients with surgically treate...

Thoracic ganglia in humans were studied after electrical, preganglionic stimulation using in situ hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotide probes against the catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.2) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.17.1) and neuropeptide tyrosine. Immunohistochemical analysis was also performed. Following short peroperative stimulation a ...

Pancreatic beta-cell mass contributes to glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between human beta-cell mass and various clinical parameters, including insulin secretory capacity. The study included 32 Japanese patients who underwent pancreatectomy and were naive to oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin. They were classified into those with normal glucose tole...

BACKGROUND The CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway regulates tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and the tumor-microenvironment cross-talk in several solid tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and fatal brain cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of peptide R, a new specific CXCR4 antagonist that we recently developed by a ligand-based approach, in an in vitro ...

Im • mu • no • his • to • chem • is • try (n.) Microscopic localization of specific antigens in tissues by staining with antibodies labeled with fluorescent or pigmented material. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a method used to determine the expression of biomarkers in tissue. This educational guidebook will describe immunohistochemistry as it is used in the pathology laboratory as an aid in the...

CONTEXT The increasing demand for immunohistochemistry for clinical diagnostics, in combination with an ongoing shortage of staff in the histology laboratory, has brought about a need for automation in immunohistochemistry. The current automated staining platforms vary significantly in their design and capabilities. OBJECTIVE To review how technology has been applied to automating the process...

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a neuroprotectant candidate for neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are several clinical concerns about its therapeutic applications. In the current study, we selected BDNF-mimicking small peptides from phage-displayed peptide library as alternative molecules to the clinical challenges. The peptide library was screened against BDNF receptor (Ne...

One of the peptides previously discovered in amphibians is the octapeptide xenopsin. As immunohistochemistry has also indicated the presence of xenopsin immunoreactivity in man, we extracted in the present investigation xenopsin-immunoreactive material from human gastric mucosa and purified it to homogeneity with several high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) reverse phase and ion exchan...