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Background: Thalassemia patients are more susceptible to hepatitis than the normal population due to the frequent blood transfusions. Objective: To determine the immune response of children with major ß-thalassemia, by measuring anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs Ab) following the last HBV vaccine injection. Methods: This study was carried out on 215 thalassemic children who received t...

Unresponsiveness to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been shown to be associated with dysfunction of the presenting cells (APC) and defect in the specific B-lymphocyte and/or T-lymphocyte repertoires.   Direct determination of the frequency of specific T-lymphocytes together with complementary analysis of the naive circulating immune cells could provide valuable information about the cel...

Abstract Background: Naturally occurred hepatitis B virus (HBV) with surface mutations in a variety of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who have received no vaccine or HBIG bearing substitutions in surface protein, have been reported. Objectives: Current knowledge concerning the prevalence of these naturally occurring surface antigen mutations among Iranian carriers is limited. Patients and M...

We recently visualized by immune electron microscopy a virus-like particle in the stools of patients with hepatitis A. The particle measured approximately 27 nm in diameter and morphologically resembled a picornavirus or parvovirus. To further characterize this particle, we have determined its buoyant density in cesium chloride (CsCl) by ultracentrifugation. Hepatitis A particles from three pos...

TLRs (Toll-like receptors), as evolutionarily conserved germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors, have a crucial role in early host defence by recognizing so-called PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and may serve as an important link between innate and adaptive immunity. In the liver, TLRs play an important role in the wound healing and regeneration processes, but they are al...

Among the many viruses that are known to infect the human liver, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are unique because of their prodigious capacity to cause persistent infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. HBV and HCV are noncytopathic viruses and, thus, immunologically mediated events play an important role in the pathogenesis and outcome of these infections. The adaptive im...

Chandra, R. K. (1975). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 50, 559. Lymphocyte response to hepatitis B surface antigen: findings in hepatitis and Indian childhood cirrhosis. The lymphocyte delayed hypersensitivity response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) was evaluated by two in vitro tests-leucocyte migration inhibition and DNA synthesis. Patients convalescing from HB...

INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem worldwide and in Africa. This would be the first ever documented study on epidemiology of Hepatitis B infections in the newly formed Republic of South Sudan. This study was designed to estimate the sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection amongst pregnant women attending antenatal services in Juba. METHODS A cross...