background immune cells and molecules play a vital role in initiating, maintaining, and regulating immunological homeostasis and inflammation in many pathological and physiological processes; however, the changes on expressions and functions of these cells and molecules in hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection has not been elucidated well. conclusions cxcr3-associated chemokines might contribute to...

Unresponsiveness to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been shown to be associated with dysfunction of the presenting cells (APC) and defect in the specific B-lymphocyte and/or T-lymphocyte repertoires.   Direct determination of the frequency of specific T-lymphocytes together with complementary analysis of the naive circulating immune cells could provide valuable information about the cel...

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important candidates for MSC-based cellular therapy. Current paradigm states that MSCs support local progenitor cells in damaged tissue through paracrine signaling. Therefore, study of paracrine effects and secretome of MSCs could lead to the appreciation of mechanisms and molecules associated with the therapeutic effects of these cells. This study ...

Background: Bacterial DNA has immunostimulatory effects on different types of immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs). Application of DCs as a cellular adjuvant represents a promising approach in the immunotherapy of infectious disease and cancers. Objectives: To investigate the effect of tumor antigen pulsed DCs in the presence of CpG-1826 in treatment of a murine model of cancer. Methods: ...

Mast cells are a heterogeneous population of granulocytic cells in the immune system. Mast cell granules contain numerous mediators, including neurotransmitters, cytokines, chemokines and lipid-derived factors. In addition to their well-known role in immune inflammation, the presence of mast cells in the meninges and perivascular space in the central nervous system points to their role in brain...

Oncolytic viruses are a type of virus that infects and kills tumor cells more than other cells. They act as “immune modification platforms” express immune checkpoint inhibitors, antigens, cytokines, T cell engagers. can be engineered or tested to selectively multiply kill cancer Targeting strategies include deleting the gene for virulence factor using abnormal signaling pathways in stop them fr...

the radiation-induced bystander effect is the phenomenon which non-irradiated cells exhibit effects along with their different levels as a result of signals received from nearby irradiated cells. responses of non-irradiated cells may include changes in process of translation, gene expression, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cells death. these changes are confirmed by results of some in-vivo s...

helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and affects more than half of the global human population. this microorganism shows variations in its geographical distribution and causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. the development of these clinical entities depends on the ba...

the wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord is believed to be a source of mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) which can be therapeutically applied in degenerative diseases. in this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of umbilical cord derived- mesenchymal stem  cells (uc-mscs) and  bone  marrow-derived-mesenchymal stem  cells (bm-mscs) on differentiation, maturation, and endocytosis of m...