The study examined people's spatial memory of a small-scale array of objects. Earlier work has primarily relied on short-retention intervals, and to date it is not known whether performance is affected by longer intervals between learning and recall. In the present investigation, university students studied seven target objects. Recall was tested immediately after learning and after an interval...

This work investigates how we organize complex, multiple and overlapping events. Two hypotheses have been proposed in investigating the cognitive principles that potentially constrain how humans construct event temporal relations. The end state bias hypothesis focuses on the end points of events. The overlap hypothesis focuses on whether events overlap or not in time. Participants viewed animat...

objective: the purpose of this study was to investigate the histological response to delib-erate perforation repaired using amalgam or mta either immediately or with delay on cats’ molars. materials and methods: twenty-eight molar teeth from four cats were used in this ex-perimental randomized study. after preparing the access cavity, the floor of pulp cham-bers were deliberately perforated wit...

abstract background: the aim of this study was to elucidate efficacy of transdiagnostic cognitive behavior therapy based on unified protocol (up) for reducing symptoms severity of obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) with co-occurring anxiety and unipolar mood disorders. materials and methods: from the thirty patients who participated to treatment, twenty four participants were randomly assigned...

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a relatively common painful condition among dental problems. Although many studies have been performed regarding the diagnosis and treatment of DH, dental practitioners are still confused about the definite diagnosis and treatment.The use of lasers as a treatment for dentin hypersensitivity was first introduced in 1985.Laser treatment in dentin hypersensitivity i...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of simulation versus lecture-based education among preclinical medical students. METHODS Twenty medical students participated in this randomized, controlled crossover study. Students were randomized to four groups. Each group received two simulations and two lectures covering four different topics. Students were administered a pre-...

Previous classroom studies have shown that the phenomenology of studied facts changes over time. However, pedagogical needs preclude both the study of errors and the separation of the effects that delay and repeated testing have on retention and retrieval experience. We addressed these issues together in an experiment where participants read stories containing correct and misleading information...

OBJECTIVE The improvement of long-term retention of verbal memory after an acute administration of D-amphetamine in recall and recognition tasks has been ascribed to an influence of the drug on memory consolidation. Because recent research has demonstrated that intermediate testing is of overriding importance for retention, we investigated whether D-amphetamine modulates the repeated testing ef...

The present study examined the process and product effects of note-taking strategy training on Iranian EFL learners’ comprehension and retention of written material, with gender as a moderating variable. Intermediate undergraduate EFL learners (N = 108) were assigned to experimental and control groups. The Experimental (intervention) Group received training on how to take notes, using graphic o...