All patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, mainly aged over 50 years, from the state's interior, brown, illiterate, or incomplete primary education. At diagnosis, 68% of classified as having tumors ≥ T2, and 30% had lymph node involvement. Distant metastases detected in 2.1% at diagnosis. Most received diagnosis initial phase disease, but 20.2% stage IV. Partial penectomy was mos...

Abstract This chapter focuses on specific challenges to surveying newly arrived immigrants with a focus refugees. In addition the need provide interviews for in their native language, it must be taken into account that considerable proportion of this group has poor or no reading skills language. Two strategies can used avoid systematically excluding population: offering native-speaking intervie...

BACKGROUND Disinfection by-products in drinking water are chemical contaminants that have been associated with cancer and other adverse effects. Exposure occurs from consumption of tap water, inhalation and dermal absorption. METHODS We determined the relationship between socioeconomic status and exposure to disinfection by-products in 1271 controls from a multicentric bladder cancer case-con...

Pharmaceutical pictograms have the potential to play an important role in optimizing compliance in the illiterate patient population. Pictograms may improve warning comprehension for those with visual or literacy difficulties and can sometimes be recognized and recalled far better than words. The main purpose of this study is to determine whether these pictograms can be effectively understood b...

An interesting article on the Army approach to Problems of illiteracy was published in the Educational Supplement of The Times of December 23rd, 1944. In this the author, after commenting on the illiteracy or Partial literacy of a proportion of the population, and the fact that too little attention has been given to the niatter in this country, describes measures taken by the War Office to deal...

BACKGROUND Anemia is still one of India's major public health problems, especially among adolescent girls. OBJECTIVE To investigate the severity and distribution of anemia among Indian adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years and its association with socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors. METHODS The study used data from the District Level Household Survey, round 11, 2002-04, conducted und...

OBJECTIVE To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in the general population of Bin Qasim Town (BQ), Karachi. METHODS An observational, cross-sectional study was approved by Research Ethical Committee of Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital. It included every third household by stratified sampling in each Union Council of (BQ) Town, in the months of M...

Background. Many of the older people are encountered with physical and mental health problems, chronic diseases, and also living conditions. We aimed to evaluate the disability scores and its associated factors among a sample of older people in Iran. Material and Methods. 330 people aged 60-70 years were interviewed about daily living activities and physical functioning using two standard quest...

BACKGROUND Recently, a national breast cancer screening program has been introduced in Iran.The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of breast cancer screening uptake among Kurdish women, in order to identify those characteristics that may be potentially associated with the screening uptake. METHODS Through a cross sectional study, in 2014, a random sample of 561 women aged 40 ye...