Substance abuse in pregnancy has increased over the past three decades in the United States [1]. A National survey on drug Use and Health from 2002-2003 has estimated that 4.3% of pregnant women aged 15-44 years reported illicit drug use within the month to being questioned [1,2]. Approximately 250,000 women in the United State, of whom 90% are of childbearing age with criteria for intravenous ...

Wastewater analysis is a rapidly developing scientific discipline with the potential for monitoring real-time data on geographical and temporal trends in illicit drug use. Originally used in the 1990s to monitor the environmental impact of liquid household waste, the method has since been used to estimate illicit drug consumption in different cities (Daughton, 2001; Zuccato et al., 2008; van Nu...

Objectives To identify the associations of characteristics of the neighborhood environment with substance abuse among clients receiving treatment for drug abuse in Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted of 1128 drug addicts from 28 neighborhoods who were receiving treatment at all 7 compulsory drug detention centers in Thailand. A trained interviewer conducted structured inte...

Data on illicit drug purity and prices are invaluable but challenging. Academic purists argue they are unsuitable for economic analysis [Manski, C.F., Pepper, J.V., Petrie, C.V., 2001. Informing America's Policy on Illegal Drugs: What We Don't Know Keeps Hurting Us. National Academy Press, Washington, DC], but in practice they are used frequently [ONDCP, 2001a. What America's Users Spend on Ill...

© 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2006 Society for the Study of Addiction Addiction, 101 , 470–476 Deciding which of these causal pathways explains the relationships between cannabis and other illicit drug use will depend upon a convergence of evidence from a variety of sources, such as: animal studies of the plausibility of pharmacological mechanisms (e.g. [7]); studies of twins discor...

Applying the concept of ‘‘secondary deviance’’ from Labeling Theory, this study hypothesizes that perceptions of disability labeling are relevant to individuals’ acceptance of disability. Such reactions may lead to an entitlement attitude toward substance use and encourage further deviant activities such as illicit drug use. The Žndings from our analyses tend to conŽrm our expectations that per...

BACKGROUND A high prevalence of symptoms of mental disorders (SOMD) has been found among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). Additionally, SOMD may impact on the prevalence of high-risk health behaviours (HRB). This study investigates the relationship between SOMD and HRB in a large sample of Vietnamese HIV positive outpatients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 outpatie...

Despite the few studies on the illegal earnings of drug sellers, the motivating factors that cause some social actors to enter the illicit drug market as sellers remains unknown. Using pooled data from the Arrestee and Drug Abuse Monitoring Program (ADAM), I investigate how household size and composition affect illegal wages earned from illicit drug sales. My findings support existing studies o...