Yerba Mate is a popular tea beverage produced and consumed in the South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and is processed from the leaves and stems of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., a perennial shrub from the Aquifoliaceae family. Production occurs in six stages: harvesting older leaves and small stems, roasting by direct fire, drying under hot air, milli...

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) method integrating multi-ingredients determination and fingerprint analysis has been established for quality assessment and control of leaves from Ilex latifolia. The method possesses the advantages of speediness, efficiency, accuracy, and allows the multi-ingredients determination...

Two of the functions of an NP are to refer (identify a particular entity) and to inform (provide new information about an entity). While many NPs may serve only one of these functions, some NPs conflate the functions, not only referring but also providing new information about the referent. For instance, this delicious apple indicates not only which apple the speaker is referring to, but also p...

Two new triterpenoid glycosides were isolated (one of them as the methyl ester) as major components from leaves of Ilex chinensis Sims (Aquifoliaceae) . The structures of these glycosides, termed ilexoside A (1) and ilexoside B methyl ester (2a), have been established to be 3ƒÀ-ƒ-(ƒÀ-Dxylopyranosyl)siaresinolic acid and 3ƒÀ-ƒ-(ƒÀ-D-xylopyranosyl)pomolic acid methyl ester , respectively, based o...

Reforestation with autochthonous species should take into account the preservation of the variability and the geographical structure of genetic diversity in forest species. In order to provide empirical data, genetic composition of an artificial population of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) and its natural seed-origin population in Andalusia were analysed with six microsatellite loci. The genetic di...

We present Naturalowl, an open-source multilingual natural language generation system that produces personalized descriptions of individuals and classes, starting from a linguistically annotated ontology. The generator is heavily based on ideas from ilex and m-piro, but it is in many ways simpler and it provides native support for owl dl ontologies, which we annotate with linguistic and user mo...

The root : shoot ratio for Ilex cassine L. grown 7 months in copper-treated containers was less than in nontreated containers. There was less dry weight for roots <5 mm in diameter in copper-treated containers than in nontreated containers in the outer 1 cm of the rootball. Dry weight of roots >5 mm in diameter within the rootball were not affected by copper hydroxide treatment. Coating the int...

The aim of the present study was to analyse whether offspring of mature Quercus ilex trees grown under life-long elevated p CO 2 show alterations in the physiological response to elevated p CO 2 in comparison with those originating from mature trees grown at current ambient p CO 2 . To investigate changes in C(for changes in photosynthesis, biomass and lignin see Polle, McKee & Blaschke Plant, ...