Materials and Methods: Included patients were >1-year old with NPT. No imaging was done, and laparoscopy was performed all patients. Patients were classified according to diagnostic laparoscopy into 6 types, Type-I: no testes, vas or spermatic vessels, Type-II: a blindended vas, Type-III: vas and vessels entering the inguinal canal, Type-IV: testis at internal inguinal ring (IIR), Type-V: testi...

In this paper the approximation of a complex-valued speci cation by the frequency response of a 2-D IIR separable-denominator (SD) digital lter is considered. The approximation problem is transformed into an equivalent one, where a real-valued 2-D IIR SD digital lter with some additional characteristics has to be determined that approximates a given real-valued 2-D FIR digital lter. A theorem i...

This paper proposes a novel method for designing two-channel and M-channel causal stable IIR PR filter banks using cosine modulation. In particular, we show that the PR condition of the two-channel IIR filter banks is very similar to the two-channel FIR case. Using this formulation, it is relatively simple to satisfy the PR condition and to ensure that the filters are causal stable. Using a sim...

This paper presents a simulator that efficiently generates correlated complex Gaussian variates with a power spectral density as described by Jakes in [1]. The simulator consists of a fixed IIR filter followed by a variable polyphase interpolator, to accommodate different Doppler rates. The IIR filter was designed using an iterative optimization technique known as the ellipsoid algorithm, follo...

The polyphase IIR N-path structure based on the N-order allpasses is very attractive for high quality fractional-band filters, as high attenuation and small passband ripples can be achieved for much less coefficients than other filter structures. However its general form suffers from spikes in the stopband independent from the coefficient values. The paper presents alternative ways to those fou...

A comparison of the performance of three diierent Natural Algorithms applied to the task of IIR system identiication is presented. In all cases, stability of the adaptive lter is guaranteed through the choice of a lattice lter structure and appropriate coding of the lattice lter reeection coeecient space. We show that whilst simulated annealing-based adaptive algorithms perform well, algorithms...

In this paper we examine the orthogonal wavelet decomposition of ECG signal obtained using computationally efficient IIR perfect reconstruction quadrature-mirror filter (QMF) banks. The decomposition is done using the lowpass branch iterated filter banks. The fifth order Butterworth and elliptic filters are employed. IIR filters’ polyphase components are two real all-pass structures of the firs...

In this paper an approach to adaptive IIR ltering based on a pseudo-linear regression and applying an iterative QR matrix decomposition is developed. In simulations, the algorithm has shown a high stability and excellent convergence properties. The derivation of the IIR-QR adaptive lter is straightforward and the computational complexity of the algorithm is comparable to the FIR-QR adaptive alg...

An improved Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm using parallel filters and evolutionary programming techniques is introduced. IIR filters have the attractive property that they require fewer computations than a corresponding FIR filter, but they are prone to instability and local minimum problems. Evolutionary algorithms are good in global optimization scenarios, ...

System identification using infinite-impulse-response (IIR) model is considered. Because the error surface of IIR filters is generally multi-modal, global optimisation techniques are preferred in order to avoid local minima. An efficient global optimisation method, called the adaptive simulated annealing (ASA), is adopted, and a new batch-recursive ASA algorithm is developed for on-line identif...