Two recent studies demonstrated a positive correlation between divergence in gene expression and protein sequence in Drosophila. This correlation could be driven by positive selection or variation in functional constraint. To distinguish between these alternatives, we compared patterns of molecular evolution for 1,862 genes with two previously reported estimates of expression divergence in Dros...

Abstract Growing hostility towards large-scale immigration following the EU enlargement (2004) and, later, increase in South-North flows due to global financial crisis (2008), played a major role Brexit referendum of 2016. This marked departure United Kingdom from European Union and its mechanisms “free movement”. Such was not framed simply terms xenophobia but, rather, as “welfare chauvinism”....

   Measuring the performance of a production system has been an important task in management for purposes of control, planning, etc. Lord Kelvin said :“When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind.” Hence, manag...

Lizards have been model organisms for ecological and evolutionary studies from individual to community levels at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here we highlight lizards as models for phylogeographic studies, review the published population genetics/phylogeography literature to summarize general patterns and trends and describe some studies that have contributed to conceptual advances. O...

NOAA’s recent assessment of Arctic greenness has reported a remarkable finding: the Arctic is browning (Epstein et al., 2015). Whilst a clear greening trend has been apparent for most of the satellite record’s 33 year history (indicating an increase in biomass and productivity), there is now an overall decline in greenness from 2011 to 2014. If this is a new direction of travel for arctic veget...

compressible gas flow inside a convergent-divergent nozzle and its exhaust plume atdifferent nozzle pressure ratios (npr) have been numerically studied with severalturbulence models. the numerical results reveal that, the sst k–ω model give the bestresults compared with other models in time and accuracy. the effect of changes in value ofdivergence half-angle (ε ) on the nozzle performance, thru...

in this survay the total productivity of export development bank of iran (edbi) and the productivity changes of branches was studied by using the method of data envelopment analysis. slacks-based measure of super-efficiency model was used to analyze the total productivity of the edbi in the period of 1373-1384 and malmquist productivity index was used to measure the growth of productivity in br...