The structure evolution characteristics of high-organic-sulfur (HOS) coals with a wide range of ranks from typical Chinese areas were investigated using 13C-CP/MAS NMR. The results indicate that the structure parameters that are relevant to coal rank include CH3 carbon (f al*), quaternary carbon, CH/CH2 carbon + quaternary carbon (f al), aliphatic carbon (f al), protonated aromatic carbon (f a)...

Chromium-vanadium (Cr-V) bimetallic catalysts are prepared by the introduction of vanadium into the Phillips catalyst which is one of the most significant industrial ethylene polymerization catalysts for tuning the Phillips catalyst performances and improving polyethylene properties. In the present work, titanium species were introduced into the fluorine-modified chromium-vanadium bimetallic ca...

For a Boolean function f , define ∆f (α) = ∑ x f̂(x)f̂(x⊕ α), f̂(x) = (−1)f(x), the absolute indicator ∆f = maxα6=0 |∆f (α)|, and the sum-of-squares indicator σf = ∑ α ∆ 2 f (α). We construct a class of functions with good local avalanche characteristics, but bad global avalanche characteristics, namely we show that 22n(1 + p) ≤ σf ≤ 2,∆f = 2n, where p is the number of linear structures (with even...

The reliability of consecutive-k-out-of-n: F system (or C(k, n: F) system) has aroused great interest since it was first studied by Kontoleon in 1980 [1]. The system consists of a sequence of n ordered components along a line such that the system fails if and only if at least k consecutive components in the system have failed. A list of typical applications of C(k, n: F) system was given by Yam...

In recent years the area of control for nonlinear systems has been the subject of many studies (Ghaebi et al., 2011; Toha & Tokhi, 2009; Yang & M., 2001). Computational advances have enabled more complex applications to provide solutions to nonlinear problems (Islam & Liu, 2011; Kaloust et al., 2004). This chapter will present an application of fuzzy estimators in the context of adaptive contro...

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