Classifying the cognitive levels of assessment questions according to Bloom’s taxonomy can help instructors design effective assessments that are well aligned with intended learning outcomes. However, classification process is time consuming and requires experience. Many studies have attempted automate by utilizing different machine text mining approaches, but none has examined Arabic questions...

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between smoothing in language models and idf weights. Language models regard the relative within-document-frequency and the relative collection frequency; idf weights are very similar to the latter, but yield higher weights for rare terms. Regarding the correlation between the language model parameters and relevance for two test collections, we fin...

Identity fraud (IDF) may be defined informally as exploitation of credential information using some form of impersonation or misrepresentation of identity, in the context of transactions. Thus, IDF may be viewed as a combination of two old problems: user authentication and transaction authorization. We propose an innovative approach to detect IDF attempts, by combining av-certificates (digitall...

Assuming that the goal of a person name query is to find references to a particular person, we argue that one can derive better relevance scores using probabilities derived from a language model of personal names than one can using corpus based occurrence frequencies such as inverse document frequency (idf). We present here a method of calculating person name match probability using a language ...

Considering the fact that many Muslims with diabetes prefer to fast in spite of inhibitory advises and to answer several conflicts and controversies regarding diabetes and Ramadan, IDF in collaboration with Diabetes and Ramadan (DAR) International in Alliance decided to develop a comprehensive guideline to be used by health care professionals. This guideline was then developed on April 2016 by ...

BACKGROUND Available definition criteria for metabolic syndrome (MS) have similarities and inconsistencies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MS in a group of Cameroonians with type 2 diabetes, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria, and to assess the conco...

OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence and risk markers of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycaemia (IH) in Kisantu, a semirural town in Bas-Congo province, The Democratic Republic of Congo. DESIGN A cross-sectional population-based survey. SETTINGS A modified WHO STEPwise strategy was used. Capillary glycaemia was measured for fasting plasma glucose and 2-h-postload glucose. Both WHO/...

BACKGROUND Data regarding long-term association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with adverse outcomes are conflicting. We aim to determine the independent association of MetS (based on its different definitions) with 20 year all-cause mortality among patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Our study comprised 15,524 patients who were enrolled in the Bezafibrate Infarction Pre...

O ver the past 2 decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of subjects with the metabolic syndrome in Japan as well as in Western countries. Because subjects with the metabolic syndrome have an elevated risk of development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (1–3), there is an urgent need to establish strategies to prevent an epidemic of this syndrome. In particular, ...

The Web is a constantly expanding global information space that includes disparate types of data and resources. Recent trends demonstrate the urgent need to manage the large amounts of data stream, especially in specific domains of application such as critical infrastructure systems, sensor networks, log file analysis, search engines and more recently, social networks. All of these applications...