In this paper, the buckling of non-homogeneous isotropic truncated conical shells under uniform lateral pressure and resting on a Winkler foundation is investigated. The basic relations and governing equations have been obtained for non-homogeneous truncated conical shells. The critical uniform lateral pressures of non-homogeneous isotropic truncated conical shells with or without a Winkler fou...

Aging often leads to general cognitive decline in domains such as memory and attention. The effect of aging on numerical cognition, particularly on foundational numerical skills known as the number sense, is not well-known. Early research focused on the effect of aging on arithmetic. Recent studies have begun to investigate the impact of healthy aging on basic numerical skills, but focused on n...

This paper shows how to use a randomized saturation experimental design identify and estimate causal effects in the presence of spillovers–one person’s treatment may affect another’s outcome–and one-sided non-compliance—subjects can only be offered treatment, not compelled take it up. Two distinct are interest this setting: direct quantify own changes her outcome, while indirect peers’ treatmen...