This paper presents the results of a 2001 sample survey and uses an ideation model to identify the factors affecting primary sexual abstinence and condom use among Rwandan youth. The findings showed that urban residence and age negatively influence primary sexual abstinence and positively affect condom use. Living within the same household as the father tends to protect girls from early sexual ...

Social movements contain structures of beliefs and values that guide critical action and aid activists’ understandings. These are worthy of interrogation, not least because they contain points of articulation with ideational formations found in both mainstream politics and academia. They offer an alternative view of society, economy and polity that is grounded in protagonists’ experience and st...

Malaria remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under five years old in many low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we examined how malaria-related ideational factors may influence care-seeking behavior among female caregivers of children under five with fever. Data came from population-based surveys conducted in 2014-2015 by U.S. Agency for Interna...

This study explores the ideational meanings of multimodal texts in an EFL textbook entitled “Bahasa Inggris: When English Rings a Bell”. aims to describe visual and verbal modes from aspects. The were analyzed by using Visual Grammar Design framework (Kress van Leeuwen, 2006). Meanwhile, Systemic Functional theory focusing on Transitivity system (Halliday, 1994). aspects this focus components l...