Pharmacologic treatment of asthma should be done with a stepwise approach recommended in treatment guidelines. If inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) alone are not adequate, ICSs in combination with long-acting β-agonists (LABAs) are now established and widely used as the next step in effective controller therapy. Fixed-dose ICS/LABA combinations in a single device are the preferred form of delivery...

Understanding the behavior of market volatility is crucial for asset pricing, portfolio selection, risk management, and trading strategies. The standard Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model assumes that there no shift in variance, hence its inability to produce a good estimate persistence. Thus, this research paper re-examines persistence as well sudden change...

Cannabinoids, in contrast to typical drugs of abuse, have been shown to exert complex effects on behavioural reinforcement and psychomotor function. We have shown that cannabinoid agonists lack reinforcing/rewarding properties in the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) paradigm and that the CB1 receptor (CB1R) agonist WIN55,212-2 attenuates the reward-facilitating actions of cocaine. We sought...

BACKGROUND Effects of long-term treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) on airway-wall thickness in patients with asthma remain unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine whether airway-wall thickness consistently decreases after long-term ICS treatment, and to analyze factors contributing to long-term airway-wall changes in asthmatics. METHODS A retrospective analysis of long-term changes in a...

BACKGROUND Responses to inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) vary among asthmatic patients. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether responses to ICSs and LTRAs are concordant for individuals or whether asthmatic patients who do not respond to one medication respond to the other. METHODS Children 6 to 17 years of age with mild-to-moderate persistent as...

Recently, neural networks (NNs) have been proposed for the detection of cyber attacks targeting industrial control systems (ICSs). Such detectors are often retrained, using data collected during system operation, to cope with evolution monitored signals over time. However, by exploiting this mechanism, an attacker can fake provided corrupted sensors at training time and poison learning process ...

Results from the application of our optical potential and relativistic models to positron scattering gas-phase zinc (Zn) cadmium (Cd) are presented. In particular, integral cross sections (ICSs) for elastic scattering, positronium formation, summed discrete electronic-state excitation, ionization processes reported both species over an extended incident energy range. From those ICSs, total sect...