Melphalan is widely used as a preparative agent in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT). Although disease relapse is the major cause of death after a melphalan-conditioned autograft, the mechanism remains unclear. Melphalan produces a number of DNA adducts with the DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) considered to be the critical cytotoxic lesion...

Both the ERCC1-XPF complex and the proteins involved in homoIogous recombination (HR) have critical roles in inter-strand cross-link (ICL) repair. Here, we report that mitomycin C-induced lesions inhibit replication fork elongation. Furthermore, mitomycin C-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the result of the collapse of ICL-stalled replication forks. These are not formed through repli...

To investigate the mechanism of cold adaptation of isocitrate lyase (ICL; EC 4.1.3.1) from the psychrophilic bacterium Colwellia maris, Gln207 and Gln217 of this enzyme were substituted by His and Lys, respectively, by site-directed mutagenesis. His184 and Lys194 of ICL from Escherichia coli, corresponding to the two Gln residues of C. maris ICL, are highly conserved in the ICLs of many organis...

The Fanconi Anemia (FA) signaling pathway is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity and cells to survive DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) by coordinating DNA damage repair through translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), nucleotide excision repair (NER) and homologous recombination (HR). Besides ICL, the FA signaling pathway is activated by different kinds of genotoxins and plays an important...

The ABC transporter Cdr1 protein (Cdr1p) of Candida albicans, which plays a major role in antifungal resistance, has two transmembrane domains (TMDs) and two nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) that are interconnected by extracellular (ECLs) and intracellular (ICLs) loops. To examine the communication interface between the NBDs and ICLs of Cdr1p, we subjected all four ICLs to alanine scanning mut...

We read with great interest the article by Moya et al. in the August 2015 issue.1 The literature on longterm outcomes and complications of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses is scarce and the authors effectively describe their 12-year experience with implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation. We reviewed 349 eyes of 216 patients, of which 155 (44.4%) were treated with spheric ICLs a...

The Visian Implantable Collamer Lens ([ICL] STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, CA) is a ciliary sulcusplaced posterior chamber intraocular lens used in the management of high myopia in phakic patients.1 Because of the risk of cataract, ICL vaulting greater than 250 μm is recommend to reduce rubbing of the ICL on the crystalline lens. However, excessive vaulting greater than 750 μm increases the risk of ...

We report the first case of secondary implantation of implantable collamer lens (ICL) for correction of anisometropic hyperopia in a 3-year-old pseudophakic child. The ICL implantation was considered in our patient due to parental noncompliance for contact lens and spectacles use for one year. In terms of efficacy, the preoperative refractive error of +7.00-1.75 diopter (D) reduced to +1.00-1.7...

Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a presumed heterogenous syndrome with key element low CD4 T-cell counts (below 300/mm³) without evidence of HIV infection or other known immunodeficiency. The etiology, pathogenesis, and management of ICL remain poorly understood and inadequately defined. The clinical presentation can range from serious opportunistic infections to incidentally diagnosed a...