BACKGROUND Informed consent is a legal and ethical doctrine derived from the principle of respect for autonomy. Generally two rights derived from autonomy are accorded legal protection. The constitutional right to bodily integrity followed by the right to bodily well-being, protected by professional negligence rules. Therefore healthcare professionals treating patients' without valid consent ma...

BACKGROUND There is an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Absence of known diabetes autoimmune markers is sometimes required to confirm the diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To identify clinical and autoimmune characteristics of type 2 diabetes in a pediatric population. METHOD We report an analysis of 48 children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes, compared with...

permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Although cognitive decline in patients with extracranial ath-erosclerotic artery stenosis (ECAS) may be improved by carotid revascularization, 1 the effect of stenting on cognitive dysfunction in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) remains unknown. A...

Methods It conducted its 1 basic course in Infection Control in 2002, in collaboration with the Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control (APSIC). This comprehensive program attracted large number of ICPs from the region and is offered once in 2 years. An Advance Course is held on alternate years to meet needs of senior ICPs. ICAS developed 3 national guidelines or standards through consensus w...

A 52-year-old man with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension was admitted because of sudden onset of left hemiparesis and somnolence. Brain MRI disclosed a recent right thalamic stroke and multiple encephaloclastic lesions, suggestive of vascular sequelae. Carotid ultrasound demonstrated occlusion of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) and residual flow in the periphery of the ...

This report presents further observation on the fine structure of hereditary corneal edema. The anterior and middle stroma showed almost normal collagen lamellar formation. In the posterior stroma irregularity of interfibrillary distance icas noted. Cross-sections of collagen fibrils varied in diameter. Tioo Descemet's membranes were found, the second one contained unusual banded materials. Mos...

Unilateral agenesis of the internal carotid artery (lCA) is a very rare anomaly. Generally, when the ICA is congenitally absent, blood is carried to the affected side through the circle of Willis by the basilar artery and the opposite ICA. We report a case of unilateral agenesis of the ICA in which the affected hemisphere was supplied by an anomalous artery between the cavernous parts of the tw...