This essay examines the expansion and diversification of the European university system in the post-war period. The impact of an enormous dimensional growth and of the rise in society's expectations for economic returns are analyzed. We develop a multivariate cluster analysis to group the data on the total European university population according to dimension and scientific research quality mea...

We consider a small open economy in which the level of public education funding is determined by popular vote. We show that growth can be enhanced by the introduction of pay-as-you-go pensions even if the growth rate of aggregate wages falls short of the interest rate. The reason is that the PAYG system allows future retirees to partially internalize positive externalities of public education d...

How much do returns to education differ across different natural experiment methods? To test this, we estimate the rate of return to schooling in Australia using two different instruments for schooling: month of birth and changes in compulsory schooling laws. With annual pre-tax income as our measure of income, we find that the naı̈ve ordinary least squares (OLS) returns to an additional year of...

z j . HANSON AND J. LowY, J. Mol. Biol., 6 (1963) 46. U. L. KARLSSON, VV'. F. H. M. MOMMAERTS ANn F. S. SJOSTRAND, Abstr. 2rid Annual Meeting Am. Soc. Cell Biol., 1962, p. 88. a M. KASAI, S. ASAKURA AND F. OOSAWA, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 57 (1962) 22. 4 F. OOSAWA AND M. IKASAI, J. Mol. Biol., 4 (1962) IO. 5 T.-C. TSAO, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, I I (I953) 227. W. F. H. M. MOMMAERTS, Ann. Rev. Bio...

Can State Language Policies Distort Students’ Demand for Higher Education? This paper takes advantage of a recent policy experiment in Ukraine’s secondary education system to study the effect of stricter requirements for proficiency in the state language on linguistic minority students’ demand for, as well as opportunities to pursue, further studies at the university level. The reform that we c...

Immigration is an important problem in many societies, and it has wide-ranging effects on the educational systems of host countries. There is a now a large empirical literature, but very little theoretical work on this topic. We introduce a model of family immigration in a framework where school quality and student outcomes are determined endogenously. This allows us to explain the selection of...

The lower willingness of females to compete is extensively documented, and has a wide range of implications including gender gaps in occupational choice, achievement and labor market outcomes. In this paper we evaluate the impact on competitiveness of two randomized interventions that involve (1) targeted education to foster grit, a non-cognitive skill that has been shown to be highly predictiv...

A number of studies have explored the link between family background and children’s achievement in a cross-national context. A common finding is that there is a stronger association in England than other parts of the developed world. Rather less attention has been paid, however, to England’s comparative position at different points of the conditional achievement distribution. Is the test score ...

Article history: Received 17 October 2010 Received in revised form 30 November 2011 Accepted 13 April 2012 Available online 21 April 2012 China's central government incrementally introduced various kinds of student financial aid since the late 1990s in response to public concerns about the rising burden of college prices. Despite the marked increase in financial assistance from governmental as ...

This paper examines the effects of “child-friendly” practices on learning in rural India. These are a set of pedagogical practices intended to improve education outcomes by increasing children’s inclusion in their learning environment. They are widely promoted in international development circles, and are an increasingly important plank of Indian education policy. This paper offers the first qu...