BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of radiation therapy alone, employing standard fractionation, in stage III-IV hypopharyngeal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen (38.9%) stage III and 22 (61.1%) stage IV patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma were submitted, with curative intent, to exclusive radiotherapy to the primary tumor and regional draining lymph nodes, l...

BACKGROUND Radical surgery followed by radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. However, there is no general consensus as to which is the best method of reconstruction after surgical resection. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 91 patients who underwent radical surgery and reconstruction. Postoperative complications and onc...

pure submandibular saliva was collected from anaesthetized vitamin - a - treated and control rats with using of pilocarpine as secretogogue, and then the serum was collected by cardiac puncutre. intraperitoneal injection of a large single dose (100,000 iu/kg) of vitamin a changed total protein, calcium and sodium concentrations of saliva so that sodium level of submandibular saliva was reduced ...

discussion: the histopathological examination showed increased number of acini with preserved duct-acinar connection, consistent with nodular hyperplasia. the patient had used oral contraceptive pill for four years. introduction: tumors which originate from the bartholin’s glands (bgs) are very rare. many solid masses that arise from the bgs are carcinoma, though these benign solid lesions are ...

Objectives: Royal jelly (RJ), a secretion of both the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of nurse workers, is believed to play a central role in honeybee queen development. Important component of royal jelly are proteins which form about 50% of the dry mass of RJ. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) are the dominant proteinaceous component of royal jelly and constitute about 82-90% of total pr...

According to kin selection theory, the colony kin structure of eusocial insects motivates workers' altruistic behaviors and therefore their sterility or restricted reproduction [1]. Indeed, theory and cross-species comparison confirm that workers engage in their own reproduction depending on relatedness among colony members [2, 3]. We show that in a honeybee colony, the workers switch from thei...

The honey bee, Apis mellifera L., is host to a variety of microorganisms. The bacterial community that occupies the adult worker gut contains a core group of approximately seven taxa, while the hive environment contains its own distribution of bacteria that is in many ways distinct from the gut. Parasaccharibacter apium, gen. nov., sp. nov., is a hive bacterium found in food stores and in larva...

An 87-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with frequent vomiting, dysphagia and appetite loss lasting for three days. She rejected solid food, although she was able to drink water. No fever, cough, or dyspnea was observed. She had been bedridden for eight years, as a result of a subarachnoid hemorrhage and was therefore unable to communicate. A physical examination revealed salivary ret...

Fatty acid esters extractable from the surface of honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), larvae, called brood pheromone, significantly increase rate of colony growth in the spring and summer when flowering plant pollen is available in the foraging environment. Increased colony growth rate occurs as a consequence of increased pollen intake through mechanisms such as increasing numbe...