Hypertonic salt solutions have for many years been known to be effective in the treatment of burn shock. Rapid infusion of a high concentration of sodium (250 mEq/l) produces positive effects by reducing fluid shifts, decreasing tissue oedema, and causing fewer attendant complications. This study presents data on 20 patients with severe burns who were resuscitated with hypertonic lactated salin...

We evaluated the ability of hyperosmolar stimuli to activate afferent nerves in the guinea pig trachea and main bronchi and investigated the neural pathways involved. By using electrophysiological techniques, studies in vitro examined the effect of hyperosmolar solutions of sodium chloride (hypertonic saline) on guinea pig airway afferent nerve endings arising from either vagal nodose or jugula...

The chemical potentials of each solute in an aqueous mixture of two electrolytes have been determined for many systems. For example, the activity coefficients of both hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride in mixed aqueous solution have been derived from emf measurements [I]. The isopiestic vapor pressure method has been used [2] to determine the activity coefficients of each solute in aqueous m...

In a previous publication (1) the isolation of a green pigment from the urine of pyridoxine-deficient rats was described. The green pigment was shown to be the product of a reaction between ferric ammonium sulfate or other ferric salts and a compound whose nature was unknown. This compound has now been isolated in crystalline form. It is a yellow pigment and has been identified as xanthurenic a...

We have measured the effects of changing tonicity of the bathing solution on intracellular sodium and calcium activities and tension of sheep cardiac Purkinje strands and ventricular muscle. For Purkinje strands in solutions of normal tonicity, resting membrane potential was -77.4 +/- 0.4 mV (mean +/- SE), sodium activity was 7.9 +/- 0.4 mM, and calcium activity was 98 +/- 9 nM. For ventricular...

We hypothesize that reduced osmolarity mixed-base (ROMB) solutions can potentially serve as customizable treatments for acidoses, going beyond standard solutions in clinical use, such as 1.0 M sodium bicarbonate. Through in silico quantitative modeling, by treating acidified canine blood using ROMB solutions, and by performing blood-gas and optical microscopy measurements in vitro, we demonstra...

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections are common problems found in healthcare systems most of the countries. Proper use antiseptics and disinfectants is useful reducing magnitude such infections. The aim this study was to evaluate bactericidal effect different concentrations selected disinfectants. Methods: Bactericidal activity disinfectants; isopropyl alcohol, povidone iodine, chlorh...

This case presents how malnutrition due to underlying psychiatric disease can cause severe, chronic hyponatremia and acute kidney injury. A 31-year-old man was admitted fatigue. Blood tests displayed of 101 mmol/L The patient had restricted himself a uniform diet mainly consisting rice boiled without salt. Isotone hypertonic sodium chloride were used secure controlled rise in the level. Despite...

OBJECTIVE Liver failure can occur as a consequence of the systemic inflammation after acute pancreatitis. We assessed the effect of volume repositioning with hypertonic saline solution or normal saline on hepatic cytokine production and the expression of heat-shock proteins and apoptotic proteins after acute pancreatitis. METHODS Wistar rats were divided in four groups: C - control animals th...