OBJECTIVES In this study, we tested the hypothesis that hypertonic saline exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating hepatic oxidative stress in pancreatitis. INTRODUCTION The incidence of hepatic injury is related to severe pancreatitis, and hypertonic saline reduces pancreatic injury and mortality in pancreatitis. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (not subject...

Surgical castration (also known as orchidectomy, ORX) has been frequently performed to avoid uncontrolled breeding. However, it has some serious disadvantages. Several laboratories have developed chemical castration methods, using bilateral intratesticular injection (BITI) of simple chemical solutions. The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of ORX and of hypertonic saline BITI ...

Rabies virus specific polypeptide synthesis was examined under hypertonic conditions, which selectively inhibit cellular protein synthesis. The rabies virus proteins (L, G, N, M1, M2) were synthesized throughout the course of infection, with little change in their relative rates of synthesis. The rates of synthesis of the G and M1 polypeptides were more sensitive to increasing osmolarity than t...

BACKGROUND Rising intracranial pressure (ICP) is a poor prognostic indicator in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Both mannitol and hypertonic sodium solutions are used to treat raised ICP in patients with TBI. OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis compares the use of mannitol versus hypertonic sodium solutions for ICP control in patients with TBI. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY ELIGIBILITY Randomised clinical ...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease that requires aggressive therapies to slow the disease progression. CF is a complex disorder that primarily affects the digestive system and the lungs. A major characteristic of CF is lung disease, which is responsible for the majority of CF-related deaths. CF is caused by an absent or deficient CF transmembrane regulator, which is a protein r...

Hypertonic stress increases expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in renal medullary epithelial and interstitial cells. Because hypertonic COX-2 expression is, in part, sensitive to inhibition of the ERK MAPK, an effector of activated receptor tyrosine kinases such as the EGF receptor, we investigated a role for this receptor in signaling to COX-2 expression. Hypertonic stress increased COX-2 ...

Hypertonic solutions have been studied extensively in the treatment of hypovolemic shock, both in experimental and clinical models. Safety, efficacy, and long-term effects on animals and patients have been evaluated. The present article reviews indications, safety, mortality rates, and outcome in patients with hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock who were treated after admission with a hypertonic/hype...

Glomerular filtration (GF) during progressive reduction of renal perfusion pressure by aortic clamping was studied in hydropenic rats and in rats infused with isotonic saline, hypertonic saline, or mannitol. As judged by visual observation of Lissamine green movements in superficial nephrons. GF was absent in hydropenic or saline-loaded rats at 40 mm Hg aortic pressure, but continued in some ne...

BACKGROUND Hypertonic solutions are considered to have a greater ability to expand blood volume and thus elevate blood pressure and can be administered as a small volume infusion over a short time period. On the other hand, the use of hypertonic solutions for volume replacement may also have important disadvantages. OBJECTIVES To determine whether hypertonic crystalloid decreases mortality in...

INTRODUCTION In series of cases and animal models suffering hemorrhagic shock, the use of vasopressors has shown potential benefits regarding hemodynamics and tissue perfusion. Terlipressin is an analogue of vasopressin with a longer half-life that can be administered by bolus injection. We have previously observed that hypertonic albumin improves resuscitation following controlled hemorrhage i...