purpose: to determine the effect of induced myopia and hyperopia using soft contact lenses on optic disc parameters measured by fourier domain optical coherence tomography (fd-oct) in emmetropic persons. methods: in a quasi-experimental self controlled study, 57 normal emmetropic participants 18-42 years of age were studied. each subject underwent a complete ophthalmic examinations including me...

purpose: to assess orbital color doppler ultrasonography (cdu) parameters of patients with manifest hyperopia in comparison to the emmetropes methods: forty eyes of 40 patients presenting with manifest hyperopia were included into the study. forty eyes of 40 emmetropes healthy volunteers also were examined as the control group. we have evaluated ophthalmic artery (oa), central retinal artery (c...

OBJECTIVE To document the 1-year safety, efficacy, and stability results of 355 eyes treated in the multicenter study of conductive keratoplasty (CK) used to correct low to moderate hyperopia. DESIGN Nonrandomized comparative (self-controlled) trial. PARTICIPANTS Twenty surgeons at 13 centers performed CK on the eyes of all patients enrolled in a multicenter, 2-year, U.S. phase III clinical...

PURPOSE To determine the higher order aberrations at the corneal first surface after conventional LASIK for high myopia and high hyperopia. METHODS This was a retrospective study using a convenience sample with subjects divided into five groups by level of refractive correction. Group 1 were normals, having no eye disease or previous surgery, but may have had refractive error. Group 2 had low...

Abstract Background Our study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of refractive error (RE) in Han Tibetan population aged 50–79 years Xining surrounding areas Qinghai Province on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods As part China National Health Survey, our cross-sectional compared age-adjusted RE older adults areas. A multivariate logistic regression model was used identify for myopia h...

The broad acceptance of "spot scanning" or "flying spot" excimer lasers in the last decade has enabled the domination of corneal ablative laser surgery over other refractive surgical procedures for the correction of hyperopia, hyperopic and mixed astigmatism. This review outlines the most important reasons why the ablative laser correction of hyperopia, hyperopic and mixed astigmatism for many ...

I present a three player dynamic network theoretic model where players are farsighted and asymmetric. Unlike the previous literature that imposes an exogenous protocol governing the order of negotiations, I allow the identity of the players who form a link in a given period to depend endogenously on player characteristics. Importantly, I show how this can give di erent predictions regarding att...

Changes in astigmatism during development were studied in 299 infants with astigmatism as they grew from 1 to 4 years of age. All consecutive cases of 1-year-old infants with an astigmatism of 1.0 D or more in at least one eye found at an ophthalmic screening survey were selected for follow-up. The cycloplegic refraction was longitudinally followed at yearly intervals. During development there ...