The maximally compact representation of a regular orbit is in terms of its action-angle variables (J, θ). Computing the map between a trajectory's Cartesian coordinates and its action-angle variables is called torus construction. This article reviews various approaches to torus construction and their application to galactic dynamics.

.............................................................................................. I Acknowledgements ............................................................................ II ركشو ءادهآ .............................................................................................. IV List of Figures .................................................................................

A 54-year-old man who presented to the clinic for a routine examination was found to have a hard swelling in the floor of mouth. The swelling was noticed at the age of ten years and had been gradually progressing over the years. However, there was no history of chewing difficulty, dysphagia, dysarthria, oral ulcers or sleep disturbances. On examination, a 4x4 cm bony swelling was noted arising ...

Let S be a bipartite semigraph with |NXa(y)| ≥ 1 for every y ∈ Y . A vertex x ∈ X hyper dominates y ∈ Y if y ∈ Na(x) or y ∈ Na(NY a(x)). A subsetD ⊆ X is a hyper dominating set of S if every y ∈ Y is hyper dominated by a vertex ofD. A subsetD ⊆ X is called a minimal hyper dominating set of S if no proper subset of D is a hyper dominating set of S. The minimum cardinality of a minimal hyper domi...

an improved mit bag model with hyper central interactions is used to calculate the staticproperties of hadrons containing u, d, s and c quarks. we present a theoretical approach to the internalstructure of three-body hyper central interacting quarks in a hadron, in which we take hadron as a bag.we discuss a few of the results obtained using a six-dimension harmonic oscilator (h.o) potential, ha...

A 61-year-old man with a history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and polysubstance abuse presented to the emergency department complaining of bony growths on his lower jaw. He had noticed these growths intermittently in the past. He reported pain only when his dentures were in place and food lodged against the growths. The patient denied ulceration, bleeding and drainage. He reported ...

One of the annual issues that has to be addressed in English football is producing a fixture schedule for the holiday periods that reduces the travel distance for the fans and players. This problem can be seen as a minimisation problem which must abide to the constraints set by the Football Association. In this study, the performance of selection hyper-heuristics is investigated as a solution m...

 In this paper, we aresupposed to introduce the definitions of n-fold commutative, andimplicative hyper K-ideals. These definitions are thegeneralizations of the definitions of commutative, andimplicative hyper K-ideals, respectively, which have been definedin [12]. Then we obtain some related results. In particular wedetermine the relationships between n-fold implicative hyperK-ideal and n-fol...

Thegeodesic flowof theflatmetric on a torus isminimizing the polynomial entropy among all geodesic flows on this torus. We prove here that this properties characterises the flat metric on the two torus. Résumé Leflot géodésique desmétriques plates sur un toreminimise l’entropie polynomiale parmi tous les flots géodésique sur ce tore. On montre ici que cette propriété caractérise les métriques p...