Habituation of the proboscis extension reflex (PER) in honeybees (Apis mellifera) is age-dependent. Very young bees (< or =7 days old) require significantly less trials to abolish the response to multiple sucrose stimulations than older bees (> or =8 days old). A nicotinic agonist, imidacloprid, modifies this behaviour by increasing the number of trials in < or =7-day-old bees and by decreasing...

Novel bis(4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy)alkyl derivatives were synthesized and evaluations were made of their inhibiting action on Fe3+-ADP induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsome and reducing action on alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH), a stable radical, in addition to their inhibiting action on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), an enzyme that synthesizes leukotrienes. We perfo...

We conducted single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments on kulanite [Ba(Fe2+, Mn2+, Mg)2(Al, Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3] to investigate the potential orientational ordering of its hydroxy groups. Structural refinements showed no sign a phase transition between 120 and 353 K. Additionally, orientation group was determined uniquely along c-axis for measured temperature range 120-353

Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an emerging disease belonging to the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum, which may progress to fibrosis and thereby to cirrhosis of the liver. Currently, no definitive and effective treatment strategies have been identified to treat NASH. Objective: To study the effect of pioglitazone, quercetin, and hydroxy citric acid on lipi...

A simple and convenient procedure for chemoselectively protecting the amino groups of chitosan has been developed to provide N-phthaloyl-chitosan that is indispensable as a soluble N-protected precursor for further controlled modification reactions of chitosan. Although the conventional N-phthaloylation of chitosan in N,N-dimethylformamide was accompanied by partial phthaloylation of the hydrox...

Biofilm formation and adherence of bacteria to host tissue are one of the most important virulence factors of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The number of resistant strains is seriously increasing during the past years and bacteria have become resistant, not only to methicillin, but also to other commonly used antistaphylococcal antibiotics. There is a great need...

silica sulfuric acid is employed as solid acid catalyst for the clean and less hazardousprotection of carbonyl compounds as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone under solvent-free conditions.

The objective of the present study was to develop ofloxacin medicated dental gels for extended period of time. The clinical evaluation of ofloxacin was carried out to determine the efficacy in the treatment of periodontitis. The ofloxacin medicated dental gels prepared with different hydrophilic polymers methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose and hydroxy eth...

In an attempt to understand the structural characteristics of phenolic compounds that favour the inhibition of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) formation, this study analyzes the role of twenty-five phenolic compounds on the PhIP produced in phenylalanine/creatinine/oxidised lipid reaction mixtures. The results showed that phenols having two hydroxy groups at meta position...